Conference Proceedings
30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Prof. Suleiman Makama YASHIM , Prof. Abdulmojeed Yakubu , Prof. Uchelle Okpanachi, Dr. Bello Mummuni Munza
Articles 201 Papers
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM BICARBONATE ON INTESTINAL HISTOMORPHOMETRY IN BROILER CHICKENS UNDER HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM BICARBONATE ON INTESTINAL HISTOMORPHOMETRY IN BROILER CHICKENS UNDER HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Heat stress causes morphological alterations and mucosal damage in the intestines of chickens. Sodium
bicarbonate (SBC) has been noted to improve intestinal growth. Effect of dietary SBC on intestinal
histomorphometry was determined in broiler chickens. A total of two hundred (200) day-old commercial
broiler chicks (Ross 308) was divided into 5 five treatment groups comprising 4 replicates and 10 birds
per replicate in an experiment that last for 6 weeks. The birds were kept on deep-litter floor in an opensided poultry house and fed ad libitum with either of the 5 diets containing 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g SBC per
kg feed. The harvested small intestines on day 42 were segmented into duodenum, jejunum and ileum
for histomorphometry analysis. In the duodenum, sodium bicarbonate significantly improved villus
height, villus width, muscularis thickness, and the villus height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio (P < 0.05).
However, crypt depth was not significantly affected (P > 0.05). In the ileum, villus height, muscularis
thickness, and VH:CD ratio were significantly influenced by sodium bicarbonate inclusion (P < 0.005),
villus width and crypt depth did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). The jejunum
also responded significantly to sodium bicarbonate supplementation. Villus height, villus width, and
crypt depth were significantly affected (P < 0.005). However, there were no significant differences in
muscularis thickness and VH:CD ratio (P > 0.05). In conclusion, SBC showed a potential in improving
the intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens. Use 4-6 g/kg SBC in feed to enhance intestinal
structure and potentially improve nutrient absorption.
Effects of Feeding Synthetic and Natural Anti-oxidant (African Locust Lean, Boabab and Iron Wood Pulp) in Ameliorating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens at Finisher Phase
Effects of Feeding Synthetic and Natural Anti-oxidant (African Locust Lean, Boabab and Iron Wood Pulp) in Ameliorating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens at Finisher Phase
Heat stress exerts high deteriorating impact on the poultry industry which could be ameliorated by dietary
incorporation of synthetic vitamin C. Certain herbs either alone or in combination thereof are also a rich
source of ascorbic acid in natural form. Gashua is located in the semi-arid zones with temperature ranges
of 38-43oC especially in the months of March up to June/July which make survival and production much
difficult to poultry especially broilers chickens as it was found that high ambient temperatures above 380C
feed consumption, growth rate, feed efficiency, survivability, egg production and egg quality tends to
decline. In order to address the problem of heat stress, an experiment was conducted in the month of
March/April to determine the effect of synthetic ascorbic-acid (vitamin C), natural ascorbic from Baobab,
African Locust Bean and Prosopis Africana Pulp was administer in drinking water and basal diets adlibitum. 300 day old marshal breed chicks were used for this experiment which was divided into five
treatment group with 20 birds per replicate which designated as zero, Synthetic Ascorbic Acid 40g/L,
Baobab Pulp 40g/L, African Locust Pulp 40g/L and Iron Wood Pulp 40g/L for T1, T2 T3 T4 and T5
respectively. The experiment was lasted for eight weeks (four weeks each for the starter and finisher). Data
collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 2002 soft wire and significant
difference observed means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. The result revealed that bird
on control diet were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered in terms total and daily weight gain and feed efficiency
but significantly (p < 0.05) higher in terms feed intake, water intake, rectal temperature and mortality. This
study concluded that ascorbic acid increased broiler performance and reduced mortality under high
temperature thereby maintain the sustainability of broiler production to bridge the gap of animal protein
deficit in the hot arid zone. Reduce the number of words to <250
EFFECT OF Jatropha tanjorensis LEAF EXTRACT ON SEMEN QUALITIES AND BLOOD PROFILE OF COCHIN BIRDS
EFFECT OF Jatropha tanjorensis LEAF EXTRACT ON SEMEN QUALITIES AND BLOOD PROFILE OF COCHIN BIRDS
The study was conducted using Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract to assess the effect on semen qualities,
haematology and serum biochemical indices of Cochin birds reared in University of Nigeria Nsukka. A
total of 72 sixteen weeks Cochin birds comprising 12 cocks and 60 hens were used for this experiment. The
birds were randomly divided into 4 treatments (T1 to T4) of 18 birds each serving as 0ml, 5ml, 10ml and
15ml leave extract, respectively. Semen and blood were collected from different treatments after eight
weeks and analyzed. The result on semen qualities shows significant differences (P < 0.05) in all the
parameters except semen pH that was not significant (P > 0.05). The percentage of the active cell, Normal
cell and sperm concentration were highest in T1 (66.67%, 76.67% and 72.67% respectively). There was
also significant (P < 0.05) differences in haematological blood platelets in which T3 and T4 were the best
(326.67 and 320.00). The result on serum biochemical indices revealed that T4 was the best in Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphate (ALP) with 15.33, 13.67
and 28.33, respectively. It could be concluded from this study that while the addition of Jatropha
tanjorensis leaf extract at this level hampers the semen qualities of Cochin birds, it enhances some of their
blood profile parameters. Therefore, 0ml extract is recommended for optimum expression of cochin semen
PREVALENCE AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM CATTLE FAECES AND BEEF IN OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA
PREVALENCE AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM CATTLE FAECES AND BEEF IN OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria pose a significant threat to sustainable livestock production and present
a serious risk to public health. This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance
profiles of Salmonella in slaughter cattle faeces and retail beef in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A total of 150
faecal and 50 beef samples were collected from the central slaughter facility and beef market. Fortyfour isolates were recovered from the 200 samples, with prevalence rates of 18.7% and 32% in faecal
and beef samples, respectively. Susceptibility of the isolates to six antibiotics was determined using the
Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. All isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, with multidrug
resistance detected in 87.5% of beef isolates and 75% of faecal isolates. Resistance to oxytetracycline,
ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin was particularly high across both sources. Nineteen distinct resistance
patterns were observed, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index ranged from 0.3-1.0. These findings
suggest that apparently healthy cattle and beef may disseminate multidrug-resistant salmonella,
urgently calling for rational antimicrobial use and controlled access in production systems and
strengthened food safety measures in slaughter facilities.
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN FED OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum) AND TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) AS ADDITIVE
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN FED OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum) AND TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) AS ADDITIVE
An eight weeks experiment assessed the impact of black pepper and turmeric additive (in ratio 1:1) on
haematological and serum biochemical characteristics of broiler chicken. Four diets containing 0%, 0.25%,
0.50%, and 0.75% of the additive were fed to one hundred and sixty (160) 1-day old Ross 308 chicks
equally and randomly allotted into four dietary treatments of 40 birds/treatment in Completely Randomized
Design with each treatments consisting 4 replicates. Data collected were: white blood cell counts (WBC),
red blood cell counts (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV), mean
corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin
concentration (MCHC), platelets, total protein, globulin, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Data collected
were analyzed by One-way analysis of variance using SPSS. Results revealed that dietary treatments had
no effect on WBC, RBC, PCV, HGB, MCV, platelets, TP, albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, urea and
creatinine except MCH, MCHC, ALP and cholesterol. All the birds fed the phyto-additives had similar
MCHC values with the control. Birds fed 0.25% and 0.5% combination of the additives also had similar
MCH with the control while those given 0.75% had lower (P < 0.05) value than the control. Cholesterol
was lower (P <0.05) in birds fed combination of additives than in the control group. In conclusion, addition
of combination of turmeric and black pepper reduced the serum cholesterol level of broiler chicken without
any negative effect on broiler chicken blood composition.
OVARIAN MORPHOMETRY OF NOILER, NIGERIAN HEAVY ECOTYPE CHICKEN AND THEIR CROSSES GIVEN VARYING AQUEOUS LEVELS OF NEEM LEAF AND GINGER ROOT EXTRACTS
OVARIAN MORPHOMETRY OF NOILER, NIGERIAN HEAVY ECOTYPE CHICKEN AND THEIR CROSSES GIVEN VARYING AQUEOUS LEVELS OF NEEM LEAF AND GINGER ROOT EXTRACTS
The effect of neem and ginger extracts on the ovarian morphometry of Noiler, Nigerian Heavy Ecotype
chickens and their crossbred was investigated. A total of 180 sixteen week old chicken from 3 genetic
groups consisting; 60 hens from a cross between Noiler cocks × Noiler (NN) hens, 60 hens from a cross
between Heavy Ecotype cocks × Heavy Ecotype (HH) hens and 60 hens from a cross between Noiler cocks
× Heavy Ecotype (NH) hen were used for the study. Birds from each genotype were randomly assigned to
four treatments with 15 birds per treatment: T1 (control, no extract), T2 (200 ml neem), T3 (200 ml ginger)
and T4 (100 ml neem + 100 ml ginger). Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) effects of genotype, treatment
and their interaction on ovarian morphometric parameters including age at sexual maturity (ASM), body
weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), egg weight at sexual maturity (EWSM), ovary weights, oviduct weights
and follicular development traits. Noiler birds on GE200 and NE100+GE100 had the best reproductive
performance with significantly earliest ASM, heaviest reproductive organs and highest follicle counts. Main
cross birds on GE200 also showed marked improvements in ovarian development, performing better than
HH birds across most traits. Heavy Ecotype birds recorded the lowest ovarian weights and highest postovulatory follicle (POF) counts with minimal response to treatment. Based on the findings, GE200 and
NE100+GE100 were most effective in improving ovarian morphometry and reproductive performance in
Noiler and Main cross genotypes without deleterious effects.
Production metrics and morphological indices of Yankasa rams supplemented with synthetic selenium and vitamin E
Production metrics and morphological indices of Yankasa rams supplemented with synthetic selenium and vitamin E
This study investigated the effects of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) supplementation on feed
utilization and morphometry of Yankasa rams. Sixteen yearling rams (average 22.5 kg) were randomly
assigned to four dietary treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for nine weeks: T1
(control), T2 (0.6 mg Se), T3 (0.6 mg Se + 2 g Vit. E), and T4 (2 g Vit. E). Supplements were delivered
daily via 50 g wheat offal. Feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and morphometric
traits (withers height, chest circumference, body length, scrotal circumference) were measured and
analyzed using SAS (2004). Results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments
for growth performance or morphometry. However, the Se + Vit. E group recorded a numerically
lower FCR, while the Vit. E group had the highest withers height increase. These trends suggest
possible antioxidant support for growth, though effects were marginal within the study period. It was
concluded that supplementation with Se (0.6 mg/day) and Vit. E (2 g/day) did not significantly
improve growth or morphometry of Yankasa rams, but slight numerical advantages indicate potential
benefits under different conditions, warranting further investigation with larger sample sizes and
longer durations.
INFLUENCE OF TURMERIC RHIZOME (Curcuma longa) POWDER ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS AT FINISHING PHASE
INFLUENCE OF TURMERIC RHIZOME (Curcuma longa) POWDER ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS AT FINISHING PHASE
An eight weeks’ study was conducted to determine the effect of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa)
supplementation on the histopathological changes of broilers chicken at finishing phase. A total of 120 one
day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five dietary treatments of three replicates
each and eight birds per replicate in completely randomized design. Turmeric powder was added to basal
diets at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% to T2, T3 and T4 respectively while T1 and T5 were basal diets with and
without oxytetracyclines (100 g/tonne) respectively. Thereafter, one broiler/replicate were humanely
slaughtered in accordance with animal welfare guidelines and tissues of the liver were promptly collected
into formalin for histopathology examination. Clearing and impregnation were done using xylene and
paraffin wax respectively. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; and examined using a light
microscope. Slight to serious toxic effects were observed in T1 to T4 while T5 revealed improvement in
the liver status of the concerned birds as indicated by the presence of no cytoplasmic vacuoles, congestion
nor visible lesion. This could probably be linked to the oxytetracycline and turmeric free diet, served to the
birds. Also, turmeric supplementation of broilers diet at 0.5% (T2), 1.0% (T3) and 1.5% (T4) in this present
experiment caused a significant reduction in damage done to the liver of the experimental birds fed when
compared with birds on T1 (basal diet + 100 g/tonne oxytetracycline). Therefore, this study concludes that
turmeric rhizome supplementation in broiler chickens reduce the level of damage on the liver due to its
hepatoprotective activity
HEPATIC AND RENAL FUNCTION INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
HEPATIC AND RENAL FUNCTION INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the hepatic and renal functions of broiler chickens administered
Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract (BPAE). Plant samples used were properly cleaned, crushed
and 400 g of crushed samples was soaked in 4 litres of distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours.
The extract was filtered using a muslin cloth, placed in airtight containers and refrigerated at 4°C prior
to usage. Using a completely randomized design, 120 broiler chickens were randomly selected into four
groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 (0 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 30 ml/litre of water respectively), each replicated
thrice containing 10 birds. Blood samples were collected from 1 bird randomly selected from each
replicate to determine the effect of BPAE on hepatic and renal functions. Liver biomarkers of broiler
chickens indicated a significant difference (P<0.05) across treatment groups for all parameters (AST,
ALT, ALP, TP, ALB, TB and CB) except GGT and LDH. T2 (10 ml/l) is the only group showing
biochemical evidence of hepatic stress as opposed to T3 and T4 (20 and 30 ml/l, respectively). Kidney
biomarkers (UR and CR) levels of birds administered 20 ml/l and 30 ml/l of BPAE were decreased
when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Mean serum electrolyte (Na, HCO3, Ca and Cl) levels
of birds in the treatment groups containing varying levels of BPAE were higher (P<0.05) than the
control group. It can therefore be opined that T4 produced a better level of liver and kidney function
biomarkers in broiler chickens.
RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT AND HEART FUNCTION PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT AND HEART FUNCTION PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the relative organ weight and heart function of broiler chickens
administered Bryophyllum pinnatum (life plant) aqueous extract. Plant samples used were cleaned,
washed and then 400 g of crushed samples was soaked in 4 litres of distilled water for 24 hours at room
temperature. The extract was filtered using a muslin cloth, placed in airtight containers and refrigerated
at 4°C prior to usage. Using a completely randomized design, 120 Ross 308 broiler chickens were
randomly allotted to four treatment groups: T1, T2, T3 and T4 containing 0 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 30
ml/litre of water respectively, each replicated thrice containing ten (10) birds. At the end of the
experiment, organ and blood samples were collected from 1 bird randomly selected from each replicate
to determine the organ weight and proportion. Biochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the impact
of Bryophyllum pinnatum on the functionality of the heart of broiler chickens. Dressed weight and
weight of organs determined across the experimental groups showed no significance (P>0.05) except
kidney which was significantly different (P<0.05) across treatments. Heart function biomarkers showed
that total cholesterol, total glyceride, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein were
significantly different (P0.05). It can be concluded that among the different
inclusion levels administered, Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract is best at 30 ml/l as it exhibits
hypolipidaemic properties which is beneficial to the broiler chickens.