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201 paper(s) found
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF YANKASA RAMS FED DIGIT GRASS (Digitaria eriantha) HAY SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN SOURCES
Authors:
Danzabuwa, A.I., Ibrahim, U., Tamburawa, S.M., Gumel, I.A., Salisu, N., Tahir, A.T., Sani, M.H. and Yahuza, S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 852 – 855
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF YANKASA RAMS FED DIGIT GRASS (Digitaria eriantha) HAY SUPPLEMENTED WITH DIFFERENT PROTEIN SOURCES
The study evaluates the performance of Yankasa rams fed basal Digitaria eriantha hay supplemented with
different protein sources. Sixteen (16) growing Yankasa Rams with average live weight of 24.40kg were
allotted to four (4) dietary treatments as diet without supplementation (normal diet, diet supplemented with
CSC, GNH, CPH designated as T1 (control), T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The experiment was designed
in a completely randomized design (CRD), replicated (4) times. The results of growth performance showed
that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in the Total weight gain (TWG) and Average daily gain
(ADG) across treatments. Inclusion of 30% GNH was the best and cheaper. Thus, it is recommended that
D. eriantha could be fed as basal diet to Yankasa rams supplemented with up to 30% CSC, 30% GNH, and
30% CH levels. Inclusion of 30% GNH was better and cheaper and therefore recommended.
FERMENTATION QUALITY AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE AND CORN COB MIXTURES
Authors:
Isa, A. A., Abdu, S. B. and Adamu, H. Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 849 – 851
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FERMENTATION QUALITY AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE AND CORN COB MIXTURES
This study evaluated the fermentation quality and sensory characteristics of ensiled tomato pomace and
corn cob mixtures at varying ratios. Tomato pomace and corn cobs were collected, processed, and ensiled
in four proportions (80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) for 21 days. Physical attributes including observation,
colour, aroma, and texture, alongside pH values, were assessed. Results showed notable improvements in
sensory quality as corn cob inclusion increased. The 80:20 mixture had the highest pH (4.63) and lower
sensory ratings, while the 60:40 and 50:50 mixtures exhibited lower pH values (4.22) and superior sensory
attributes, including very pleasant aroma and excellent observation scores. A balanced combination of
tomato pomace and corn cob provided optimal moisture and fermentable substrates for efficient lactic acid
fermentation. Findings highlight the potential of tomato pomace–corn cob silage as a sustainable feed
resource for ruminants, with 50:50 and 60:40 mixtures offering the most desirable fermentation and
palatability outcomes.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE-CORNCOB MIXTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RUMINANT FEEDING IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH
Authors:
Isa, A. A., Abdu, S. B. and Adamu, H. Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 845 – 848
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NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE-CORNCOB MIXTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RUMINANT FEEDING IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH
The escalating demand for affordable livestock feed in sub-Saharan Africa has prompted exploration of
agro-industrial by-products like tomato pomace (TP) and corncob (CC) for silage production. This study
assessed the chemical composition of ensiled TP-CC mixtures at ratios of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50
(TP:CC) before and after 21 days of fermentation. Pre-ensiling analysis revealed significant variations
(P<0.05) in crude protein (1.86–4.38%), crude fibre (30.29–36.23%), ether extract (2.20–3.90%), ash
(3.70–8.25%), and hemicellulose (14.12–18.09%), with no differences in dry matter, nitrogen-free extract,
neutral detergent fibre, or acid detergent fibre. Post-ensiling, crude protein increased notably (2.44–6.13%),
crude fibre decreased (20.87–33.64%), and fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, hemicellulose) showed reductions,
enhancing digestibility. The 50:50 ratio exhibited optimal nutrient profiles for ruminant utilisation. Ensiling
improved nutritional quality through microbial fermentation, offering a cost-effective, sustainable feed
option for Yankasa rams in resource-limited settings, aligning with circular economy principles in animal
nutrition.
IMPACT OF MICROBIAL-TREATED RICE HUSK-BASED DIET ON RUMEN FERMENTATION IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors:
Muhammadnasir, A.O. and Ogunbosoye, D.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 841 – 844
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IMPACT OF MICROBIAL-TREATED RICE HUSK-BASED DIET ON RUMEN FERMENTATION IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
This study evaluated microbial-treated rice husk (MTRH) effects on rumen fermentation in West African
Dwarf (WAD) goats. Forty (40) goats were randomized into four (4) dietary treatments containing 25%
maize (control), bacteria-treated rice husk, fungi-treated rice husk, and a bacterial-fungal cocktail-treated
rice husk. The MTRH significantly (P<0.05) increased acetate, butyrate, and ammonia nitrogen
concentrations, especially in the cocktail group, indicating enhanced microbial activity and fiber
degradation. Nutritional analysis showed increased crude protein and reduced crude fiber in treated rice
husks. These results suggest MTRH is a promising sustainable alternative feed for smallholder goat
production.
Nutritional Composition of African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) Husk as a Potential Feed Resource for Ruminant Animals
Authors:
Ogunbosoye, D.O., Ishola, J.T., Majengbasan, A., Bashiru, S., Lukman, A. and Ogunsola, F.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 837 – 840
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Nutritional Composition of African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) Husk as a Potential Feed Resource for Ruminant Animals
The search for sustainable feed resources in livestock production has intensified due to rising feed costs
and increasing demand for environmentally friendly alternatives. This study evaluated the nutritional profile
of the African Locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) husk, an agro-industrial by-product, as a feed resource for
ruminant livestock. The husk of African Locust Bean was analysed for proximate analysis, minerals and
anti-nutritional components. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of the levels
of Ca and Mg, while the Flame photometer was used to analyse for K and Na. Anti-nutritional Factors,
including trypsin inhibitor, oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins were also determined using appropriate
techniques. The findings showed the husk contained low (<5%) CP contents, high fibre, and appreciable
quantities of important minerals. Proximate analysis revealed low crude protein (4.98%), moderate ash, and
high fibre fractions, indicating its value primarily as a roughage base feed resource. Anti-nutritional
screening identified tannins, saponins, phytates, oxalates, and alkaloids in tolerable ranges, suggesting
limited risks when included at moderate levels. The findings support the waste valorisation of the African
Locust bean husk as a sustainable input in small ruminant feeding systems, combining waste management
with the maintenance of feed quality and production efficiency.
SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RED SOKOTO GOATS FED WOLLY FINGER (Digitaria smutsii) HAY SUPPLEMENTED WITH CASSAVA PEEL MEAL AND DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES
Authors:
Kperun, T. N., Otaru, S. M. and Yashim, S. M
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 833 – 836
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SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RED SOKOTO GOATS FED WOLLY FINGER (Digitaria smutsii) HAY SUPPLEMENTED WITH CASSAVA PEEL MEAL AND DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES
This study was carried out to investigate the serum biochemical parameters in growing Red Sokoto bucks
fed a basal diet of Digitaria smutsii hay supplemented with concentrate containing cassava peel meal and
different nitrogen sources. A total of 28 Red Sokoto bucks with an average liveweight of 12.55±1.25 kg
were randomly assigned to four (4) dietary treatments of 7 animals per treatment in a Completely
Randomised Design (CRD). The concentrate diets contained cottonseed cake (CON), Groundnut haulms
(GHT), Poultry litter (PLT) and Brewers dried grains (BDGT) as nitrogen sources. The animals were kept
in individual pens with a concentrate diet fed at 1.5% of their body weight, while a basal diet of Digitaria
smutsii hay and water was offered ad libitum 90 days. Four mL of blood samples was collected from four
randomly selected animals in each treatment at the beginning and end of the growth trial for determination
of serum biochemical indices: Total protein, Blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, creatinine, Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The result
showed that total protein did not differ (p>0.05) statistically at the beginning but showed significant
(p>0.05) differences at the end of the experiment. No statistical (p>0.05) difference was observed in
creatinine, blood glucose level, blood urea nitrogen and liver function enzymes either at the beginning or
end of the experiment. The parameters measured were within the normal physiological values. It can be
concluded that the test ingredients did not have detrimental effects on the animals.
IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT UTILISATION INDICES AS AFFECTED BY SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEEL POWDER
Authors:
Akinbode, R.M., Rahman, A.F., Fakuade, T.S., Olayiwola, B.O. and Omodara, E.F.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 829 – 832
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IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT UTILISATION INDICES AS AFFECTED BY SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEEL POWDER
This study investigated the effect of orange peel powder (OPP) supplementation on in vitro gas production
and nutrient utilisation indices. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the dietary
treatments were four experimental diets containing different levels of OPP (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/g DM).
The treatments were incubated for 48 hours. The results revealed that OPP supplementation had no
significant (p > 0.05) effect on total gas production (25.33-29.00 mL/200mg DM), pH (6.65-6.85), and total
volatile fatty acids (65.67-66.93 mL) concentration. Similarly, in vitro dry matter digestibility, short-chain
fatty acids, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, and microbial yield of diets were not affected by OPP
supplementation. However, methane production (14.00-10.00 mL) and ammonia nitrogen (34.87-23.54
mg/dL) concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the addition of OPP in the diet, while the
organic matter digestibility (64.50-74.00) increased. The study indicated that OPP at 30 mg/g could be used
as a phytogenic additive to manipulate rumen fermentation.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF METANOLIC Gmelina arborea LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors:
Saka, A. A., Adedeji, O. Y., Ogunleke, F. O. and Sanusi, G. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 825 – 828
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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF METANOLIC Gmelina arborea LEAVES EXTRACT
In this study, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of methanolic
Gmelina arborea leaf extract (MGALE) were evaluated. Fresh, mature G. arborea leaves (500 g) were
collected from the College premises and processed for analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative
phytochemical screenings were conducted, alongside antioxidant assays and antimicrobial testing against
Escherichia coli using the disk diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis revealed that MGALE contained
moderate levels of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, while terpenoids, cardiac
glycosides, anthraquinones, and steroids were also detected in the extract. Results shows that tannins,
phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids contained 0.96 ± 0.003 mg/100mL, 1.01 ±
0.001mg/100mL, 13.78 ± 0.13mg/100mL, 4.25 ± 0.002%, 6.40 ± 0.004 % and 0.65 ± 0.001, respectively. The
antioxidant activity of the extract was confirmed through multiple assays: Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
scavenging activity (54.91 ± 0.08 mg/100 mL), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) (3.91 ± 0.03
mM Fe²⁺/g), and Azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay (75.93 ± 0.25%).
Furthermore, the extract demonstrated significant (P<0.05) antibacterial activity, with a zone of inhibition
of 19.50 ± 2.12 mm against E. coli. These results suggested that MGALE possesses notable antioxidant and
antimicrobial properties. In conclusion, MGALE may serve as a valuable natural source of antimicrobial
agents, with potential application in the treatment of E. coli infections in livestock production, especially
in the face of rising resistance to conventional drugs.
DETERMINATION OF FIBRE FRACTIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
Authors:
Sariyyu S., Ashiru, R. M., Saidu, S. S., Abdulhamid, S. U., Abubakar, M. M., Abdullahi R., Khalid, S. M., Ado, F. H. and Wudil, A. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 821 – 824
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DETERMINATION OF FIBRE FRACTIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
The experiment was conducted at Nutrition/Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Production
Technology, Audu Bako College of Agriculture, Dambatta to evaluate the fibre fractions of groundnut
shell fortified with molasses and non-protein sources in in-vitro laboratory silos (946ml). There were four
treatment viz: T1 (100%GNS + 4% Urea), T2 (100% GNS + 4% Urea + 10% molasses), T3 (97% GNS +
3% PL) and T4 (97%GNS + 10% molasses + 3% PL) ensiled for 21 days in the triplicate. At the
expiration of the ensiling period, samples were taken for analysis. The results of fibre fractions showed
that there is significant (P<0.05) differences in NDF and cellulose. It could be concluded that ensiling of
groundnut shell with molasses and non-protein nitrogen sources improve the nutritive value of the ground
nut shell. It is recommended that groundnut shell could be ensiled with molasses and 4% Urea + 10%
molasses + 3% PL to improve the nutritive value of the ground nut shell.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
Authors:
Sariyyu S., Ashiru, R. M., Abdulhamid, S. U., Saidu, S. S., Abdullahi R., Abubakar, M. M., Khalid, S. M., Wudil, A. A., Ado, F. H.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 817 – 820
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PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition of groundnut shell fortified with
molasses and non-protein sources in in-vitro laboratory silos (946ml). There were four(4) treatment viz:
T1 (100%GNS + 4% Urea), T2 (100% GNS + 4% Urea + 10% molasses), T3 (97% GNS + 3% PL) and T4
(97%GNS + 10% molasses + 3% PL) ensiled for 21 days in triplicate. At the expiration of the ensiling
period, samples were taken for analysis. The results of proximate compositions showed that there were no
significant (P>0.03) differences in the parameters among the treatments except EE. However, the results
of fibre fractions showed that there is significant (P<0.05) differences only in NDF and cellulose. It could
be concluded that ensiling of groundnut shell with molasses and non-protein nitrogen sources to improve
the nutritive value of the ground nut shell. It is recommended that groundnut shell could be ensiled with
molasses and 4% Urea, 10% molasses and 3% PL to improve the nutritive value of the ground nut shell.
CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFERENCE OF GRASS FORAGES ENSILED WITH LABLAB ON WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors:
Taiwo, T. O., Olaniyi, O. W and Ososanya, T. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 814 – 816
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CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFERENCE OF GRASS FORAGES ENSILED WITH LABLAB ON WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
This study investigated the feeding values of silages of some grasses and their preference by West African
Dwarf (WAD) goats. Four (4) grasses (Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria mulato II, Panicum maximum
and Chloris gayana were used. Each grass was ensiled with Lablab purpureus in ratio 3:1 to make four
(4) treatments (ML=Mulato+Lablab, CL= Chloris+Lablab, BL= Bracharia+Lablab and PL=
Panicum+Lablab in a completely randomized design. The colour, pH and chemical compositions of
silages were assessed 28 days after ensiling and were latter fed to WAD goats for their preference (COP).
The Crude protein (CP, %) and Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, %) of silages were determined using
standard procedures. All the grasses produced silages with olive green colour and pH ranging from 4.26
to 4.55. The CP of silages ranged from 10.06±0.44 in Chloris+Lablab to 12.17±0.31 in Bracharia
mulato+Lablab while the NDF of 63.86±0.22 in Chloris+Lablab was significantly (p>0.05) higher than
others. The COP of all the silages was >1 except Chloris+Lablab. This result reflected that Brachairia
ruziziensis, Brachairia mulato II, Panicum maximum and Chloris gayana can be ensiled with lablab for
quality silages acceptable by goats.
NUTRIENT INTAKE AND FERMENTATION PARAMETERS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED DIETS CONTAINING VARYING LEVELS OF Momordica charantia POWDER
Authors:
Rahman, A.F., Akinbode, R.M., Aderinboye, R.Y. and Yusuf, A.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 810 – 813
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NUTRIENT INTAKE AND FERMENTATION PARAMETERS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED DIETS CONTAINING VARYING LEVELS OF Momordica charantia POWDER
Twenty (20) West African dwarf (WAD) goats were subjected to four (4) dietary treatments containing
Momordica charantia leaf powder (MCLP) at varying inclusion levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg DM) to
assess its effect on nutrient intake and fermentation parameters. Megathrysus maximus was fed as a
basal diet and concentrate diet as supplement in a ratio of 60:40. The experiment was laid out in a
completely randomized design and it lasted for 90 days. Results showed that MCLP inclusion increased
(P0.05) differences in pH, total volatile fatty acids and ammonia
nitrogen at 0hour across all treatments except for ammonia nitrogen concentration at 4hours. It was
therefore concluded that for increased nutrient intake, MCLP can be included in the diet of WAD goats
up to 30g/kg DM
Growth Response of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Phyllanthus amarus Meal Supplement
Authors:
Oyewole, P. O., Okunlola, D. O., Adedeji, O. Y. and Ajibulu, J. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 806 – 809
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Growth Response of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Phyllanthus amarus Meal Supplement
The growth response of WAD goat fed Chanca piedra meal supplement were investigated. Sixteen (16)
West African Dwarf goats with average initial weight of 9.21kg and are yearlings were used in 12 weeks
feeding trial. The WAD goats were allotted to four (4) dietary treatments in a Completely Randomized
Design (CRD). Chanca piedra were gathered, the leaves were air-dried, milled into powdered form and
preserved for inclusion in the experimental diets. Other feed ingredients include cassava peels, wheat offal,
palm kernel cake, ruminant premix, Di-calcium phosphate and salt. The experimental diets were diet 1, 2,
3 and 4, respectively. Treatment 1 is control diet, T2 is 0.03%, T3 is 0.05% and T4 is 0.08% of Chanca
piedra inclusion. The growth response of WAD goats fed the experimental diet indicated that higher
(P<0.05) final weight was observed at T3 (15.35%) which was significant (P<0.05) and it is significantly
different from T4 (13.88%), although T1 and T2 are significantly similar which were 12.10% and 12.50%,
respectively. The result showed that all the dietary inclusion levels are satisfactory for WAD goats.
Inclusion level of 0.05% Chanca piedra had better overall result when fed to WAD goats.
Growth Performance and Haemato-biochemical Indices of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Dried Bovine Rumen Digesta
Authors:
Olaoye, S.O., Ademolue, R.O., Fajobi, A.K., Ibrahim, I. K., Ojo, C. A., Adebowale, I., Adeyemi-Kudaisi, O.E., Muhammad, J. O., Olaoye, A.Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 802 – 805
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Growth Performance and Haemato-biochemical Indices of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Dried Bovine Rumen Digesta
This study evaluated the growth performance and haemato-biochemical indices of West African Dwarf
(WAD) goats fed diets containing Dried Bovine Rumen Digesta. Twelve 12 growing goats (2–4 months
old; average weight 8.65 ± 1.8 kg) were assigned randomly to three (3) treatments in a completely
randomized design with four (4) replicates each: T1 (0% DBRD), T2 (15% DBRD), and T3 (30% DBRD).
The experiment lasted eight (8) weeks. Parameters measured included feed intake, weight gain, feed
efficiency ratio, haematology and serum biochemistry. Results showed that DBRD inclusion did not
significantly (P>0.05) affect final weight, though goats on T3 had the higher weight gain (0.74 kg) and feed
intake (17.85 kg). Haematological parameters were mostly within reference ranges, with significant
differences only in WBC (with T3 having the highest count of 14,500uL and T2 having the least count of
10,200uL) and Neutrophils (with values of T2 (55) and T3 (54) which were not significantly different from
each other). Serum biochemistry indicated non-significant (P<0.05) variation in ALT and AST, suggesting
possible mild liver stress at higher DBRD inclusion levels. Overall, diets with 30% DBRD improved
performance without major adverse effects, though long-term health implications require further study.
NITROGEN RETENTION AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF SHEEP FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH UREA-MOLASSES TREATED RICE-STRAW
Authors:
Okoruwa, M. I., Ikhimioya, I. and Akazue, R. C.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 798 – 801
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NITROGEN RETENTION AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF SHEEP FED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH UREA-MOLASSES TREATED RICE-STRAW
The study was conducted to determine the effect of Urea-Molasses Treated Rice-Straw (UMTRS)
supplementation on nitrogen retention and serum biochemistry of sheep. Twenty- four West African
dwarf male sheep of about 6 – 7 months old were randomly allotted to four treatment diets with six
sheep per treatment in a completely randomised design. The compared treatment diets ED1, ED2, ED3
and ED4 contained 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of UMTRS supplementation respectively. The results
showed that sheep on ED1 had significantly (p<0.05) higher triglycerides and cholesterol. Nitrogen
intake, nitrogen balance with retention, total protein and albumin were significantly (p<0.05)
increased for sheep on diet ED2. Faecal, urinary and total nitrogen output, glucose, and creatinine with
urea were significantly higher (p0.05) affected
by sheep on treatment diets. It can be concluded that supplementation of UMTRS in diets enhanced
nitrogen retention and serum biochemistry of sheep on diets ED2, and ED3 than other diets.
IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF DUCKWEED
Authors:
ADETONA M. A., DAUDA R. B., BABAYEMI O. J.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 792 – 797
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IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF DUCKWEED
High feed cost of ingredients for compounding concentrates and shortage of quality pasture for
ruminant all year round is a major constraints for ruminant production in Nigeria. This result in
starvation, malnutrition and growth retardation of animals during the dry season. This challenge
called for a research into alternative feed or feedstuff that could be utilized for ruminants. In
the light of the above, some aquatic weeds especially duckweed (Lemna spp) that has not been
fully explored as feed stuffs for ruminant in Nigeria were considered. In this context, evaluating
the proximate composition and in vitro digestibility of different species of duckweed is
essential. Different species of lemna which include Lemna paucicosta, Spirodela polyrhiza and
Lemna aequinoctialis were collected, weighed and ovendried at 60oC,rumen liqour was
collected from 3 WAD rams for invitro gas fermentation for degradability, organic matter
digestibility (OMD) short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME). Data were
analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. In vitro fermentation results showed
significant differences in metabolizable energy ranges from 3.60 to 4.26MJ/kg DM and organic
matter digestibility which ranges from 73.91 to 310.24%. There was no significant difference
in short chain fatty acids and Methane production, reinforcing the relationship between
duckweed digestibility and methane emissions. Moreso, the result also revealed significant
difference in Dry matter degradability which ranges from (82.70-88.60). In conclusion, the
study highlighted the potential of duckweed as a high-nutrient feed additive for livestock,
offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional feed ingredients.
EFFECTS OF GARLIC EXTRACT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP FED CONCENTRATE DIET IN A SEMI-RID ZONE OF MAIDUGURI
Authors:
Hamdan, S.I., Kolo, U.M., Aliyu, J., Raji, A.O., Abbator, F.I. and Mohammed, U.M., M.K, Sheriff., S, Samaila.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 788 – 791
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EFFECTS OF GARLIC EXTRACT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP FED CONCENTRATE DIET IN A SEMI-RID ZONE OF MAIDUGURI
The study was conducted to determine the effects of garlic extract on the growth performance of sheep
fed a concentrate diet in a semi-arid zone of Maiduguri. A total of Sixteen (16) sheep with an average
weight of 21.56kg were used for the study. The animals were assigned to four (4) treatments drenched
with (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5ml of garlic extracts as T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4, respectively) in a completely
randomised design (CRD) with four (4) animals per group and each animal as a replicate. The animals
were fed the concentrate diet at 3% of their body weight and water ad libitum. The results of the growth
performance showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in feed intake between the
treatment groups. While the daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio differ significantly (P<0.05)
between the treatment groups. In conclusion, sheep drenched with 7.5ml of garlic extract had the best
growth performance, and it is recommended to use an additive to the feed.
Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Powder Supplementation on Water Intake and Thermoregulation in Yankasa Rams
Authors:
Ibrahim, U.M., Ishiaku, Y. M., Ibrahim, H., Sani, R. T., Ahmed S. A., Lawan, S. K. and Rabi’u, M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 785 – 787
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Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) Powder Supplementation on Water Intake and Thermoregulation in Yankasa Rams
This study evaluated the effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) powder on water intake, water intake
patterns, and thermoregulatory responses in Yankasa rams. Eighteen rams were assigned to three dietary
treatments: Control (0% garlic), Low garlic (1.5% of dry matter [DM]), and High garlic (3.0% DM) over a
90-day trial. Garlic supplementation significantly reduced mean daily water intake by up to 18% (p < 0.05),
particularly during midday. Supplemented rams also showed modest but significant reductions in rectal
temperature (~0.3°C) and respiration rate (~10 breaths/min). These improvements in thermotolerance may
be attributed to garlic’s effects on rumen fermentation, microbiota modulation, and metabolic efficiency.
Garlic supplementation thus represents a promising nutritional strategy to enhance water use efficiency and
resilience to heat stress in ruminant systems.
DETERMINATION OF PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF PROCESSED MOTHERS DELIGHT ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO PEELS
Authors:
Nelson, S. U., Obua, B. E. and Ahamefule, F. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 782 – 784
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DETERMINATION OF PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF PROCESSED MOTHERS DELIGHT ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO PEELS
A study was conducted to determine the proximate composition of fresh, sun-dried and fermented orange
fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) peels. A small quantity of the tubers of orange fleshed sweet
potato was harvested from the farmland of Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Agriculture, Ikot Enwang, Ikot
Ekpene Local government area of Akwa Ibom State. The fresh sweet potato tubers were washed, peeled
and ground for analysis. For the sun-drying method, the sweet potato tubers were washed, peeled and
sun-dried in a free environment devoid of dirt and contamination to about 5-10% moisture; thereafter, it
was ground for analysis. In the fermentation method, some tubers were washed, peeled, sun dried to about
5-10% moisture and then put into an airtight container for seven (7) days. All samples were analysed in
triplicate at the Biochemistry Laboratory of the University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. The percentage
nitrogen free extract was higher (P<0.05) in fresh sweet potato peel (88.60 %) than sun-dried and
fermented peels (64.69 % and 61.18%), higher percentage of dry matter, ash, ether extract and crude fibre
content were recorded in sun-dried sweet potato peel (87.12, 13.8, 4.38 and 9.95 %respectively)while
fermented method had the highest crude protein content and metabolizable energy (18.12 % and 3751.42
Kcal/gDM).
METHANE MITIGATION POTENTIALS OF BIOCHAR
Authors:
Dauda R. B., Babayemi O. J., Ogundiran M. B., and Odesola I. F.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 777 – 781
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METHANE MITIGATION POTENTIALS OF BIOCHAR
The increasing demand for livestock products due to improved living standards raises environmental
concerns, especially regarding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ruminants. Enteric methane, a
potent GHG, contributes significantly to climate change and represents an energy loss of about 12% in
ruminants. Biochar, a carbon-rich product obtained through pyrolysis, has shown potential in mitigating
methane emissions. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of biochar on in vitro gas characteristics
and methane production. Biochar was included in feed at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, with feed and biochar
alone serving as controls in a completely randomised design (p<0.05). Results showed that gas production
was higher(p<0.05) in feed alone (16.8 mL) and lowerin biochar alone (3.3 mL). Inclusion of 0.5% biochar
promoted gas production similar to feed, while higher inclusions reduced it. Methane production decreased
significantly (p<0.05) with increasing biochar levels in feed, with the lower at 1.5% inclusion. These
findings suggest that biochar can enhance fermentation efficiency and reduce methane emissions, offering
a sustainable strategy for mitigating GHG emissions in ruminant production systems.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF BLENDED RATIOS OF WHEAT OFFAL AND WET SORGHUM BREWER RESIDUE
Authors:
Ayandiran, S.K., Adedokun, M.A., Adekunle, I and Olosunde, A.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 772 – 776
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF BLENDED RATIOS OF WHEAT OFFAL AND WET SORGHUM BREWER RESIDUE
This study evaluated the chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility of blended ratios of wheat offal
and wet sorghum brewer residue. Fresh wet sorghum brewer residue (WSBR) was collected from local
gin (Burukutu) producers and blended with wheat offal (w/w); 1WO: 1WSBR, 1WO: 1.5WSBR, 1WO:
1.2WSBR, 1WO: 2.5WSB, 1WO: 1.3WSBR and 1WO: 3.5WSBR, arranged in a Completely
Randomised Design. The blends were air-dried for 3 days. Samples of blended ratios were analysed for
chemical composition, and in-vitro digestibility study according to standard procedures. The dry matter
contents of ratios 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3 and 1:3.5 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the 1:1.5 ratio. The
crude fibre content significantly increased (p<0.05) as the blended ratio increased. The carbohydrate
fractions of 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1:3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of ratios 1:1 and 1:1.5. The
neutral detergent fibre was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ratio 1:3.5 than other blended ratios
Furthermore, the hemicellulose content was significantly highest (p<0.05) in ratios 1:1.5, 1:2.5 as well as
1:3 than ratio 1:1 and least 1:3.5. The gas production was significantly highest (p<0.05) ratio 1:1 from 3 -
24 hours of in-vitro digestibility compared to other ratios. It could be therefore concluded that increasing
blended ratios of wheat offal and wet sorghum brewer residue led to improved nutrient contents and invitro dry matter digestibility.
ASSESSMENT OF SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION AND MANGE TREATMENT IN THE FIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE
Authors:
Akinlade, J.A., Ojoawo, O.T., Oguntade, B.S., Oyewole, S.T.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 768 – 771
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ASSESSMENT OF SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION AND MANGE TREATMENT IN THE FIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE
This study examined the socio-demographic characteristics, feed resource utilization, management
systems and mange prevalence of small ruminant production across five Local Government Areas
(LGAs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to livestock keepers, and
data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results revealed notable variation
in age structure, gender participation, income levels, and species composition. Youth (<40 years)
predominated in Ogbomoso South (26.9%) and Oriire (20.0%), while older farmers (41–50 years) were
more common in Ogo-Oluwa (46.7%) and Surulere (58.6%). Women were the majority in Oriire
(73.3%), Ogo-Oluwa (80.0%), and Surulere (75.9%). Income distribution ranged from subsistencelevel earnings (₦100,000/year) in Ogbomoso North (66.7%) and Ogo-Oluwa (60.0%). Feed resource diversity varied
significantly, with higher use of concentrates and industrial by-products in Ogo-Oluwa and Surulere.
Management systems ranged from extensive (Surulere, 86.2%) to intensive (Ogo-Oluwa, 100%), with
significant differences (P < 0.05). Mange prevalence was highest in Oriire (100%), with low adoption
of neem extract for control. Recommendations include promoting semi-intensive management, targeted
feed supplementation, and herbal-based disease control to enhance sustainability and farmer
livelihoods.
MINERAL COMPOSITION AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF SOME SELECTED FORAGES AS FEED FOR SMALL RUMINANTS
Authors:
Adebayo, B. J. and Rabiu, L.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 764 – 767
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MINERAL COMPOSITION AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF SOME SELECTED FORAGES AS FEED FOR SMALL RUMINANTS
The mineral composition and anti-nutritional factors of five selected plants Alchornea cordifolia, Carica
papaya, Derris trifoliata, Leucaena leucocephala and Heteropogon cortortus were evaluated. Flame
photometer was used to determine Na, K, and Ca while Zn and Fe were assayed. Anti- nutritional factors
(ANFs) including phytate, oxalate, saponin, alkaloid and tannin were also determined using appropriate
technique. The result of the mineral analysis indicates that Heteropogon cortortus had significantly
(P<0.05) highest values for Na (0.326%), Ca (0.359%), P (0.41%), Fe (148.80ppm), Zn (81.95ppm), Mn
(61.65ppm) and Cu (19.05ppm). Derris trifoliata had significantly (P<0.05) higher value for Mg
(0.443%) while Alchornea cordifolia recorded a lower value of 0.242% for Mg. There were significant
(P<0.05) differences in all the anti-nutritional factors analysed except in saponin. The highest saponin
numerical value (0.433%) was observed in Derris trifoliata while the least value 0.260% was observed in
Alchornea cordifolia. Tannin values ranged between 0.0047% and 0.0073% in Alchornea cordifolia and
Derris trifoliata respectively. The significantly (P<0.05) highest oxalate value (0.315%) was recorded in
Heteropogon cortortus while the least value (0.205%) was observed in Alchornea cordifolia. The results
showed that the selected plants were of high nutritional quality due to the high mineral contents with
moderate presence of anti-nutritional factors, and may therefore form good feed resources for ruminant
animal production.
HAEMATO-SEROLOGICAL INDICES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED BOILED WILD AERIEL YAM (DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA) MEAL-BASED DIETS
Authors:
Metiabasi D. Udo, Glory D. Eyoh and Akaninyene F. Udo.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 760 – 763
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HAEMATO-SEROLOGICAL INDICES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED BOILED WILD AERIEL YAM (DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA) MEAL-BASED DIETS
An animal's blood profile reflects its overall health condition. This study evaluated the haematological and
serum biochemical effects of feeding West African dwarf (WAD) goats diets containing boiled wild
Dioscorea bulbifera meal at 0% (control, T1), 10% (T2), 20% (T3), and 30% (T4) inclusion levels, alongside
rice bran, brewers dried grains, palm kernel cake, bone meal, and salt. Sixteen goats were assigned to four
treatments in a completely randomised design with four replicates each. After eight weeks, blood samples
from two goats per treatment were analysed for haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Results
showed significant differences (p0.05) in red blood cells,
white blood cells and globulin. Although some of the parameters exhibited significant (p<0.05) differences
in their values among the treatment groups, data obtained for all the parameters were within the normal
ranges for healthy WAD goats, indicating that boiled wild Dioscorea bulbifera at 10–30% inclusion had no
adverse effects on blood profiles, thus being a safe non-conventional feedstuff for West African dwarf
goats. Further research involving inclusion level above 30% is therefore suggested to ascertain the safe
level of wild aerial yam as a nonconventional feedstuff to WAD goats.
EFFECT OF TREATED Sorghum cultivar (MASAKWA) STOVER SUPPLEMENTED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF Eichhornia crassipes (WATER HYACINTH) ON GROWTH PERFORMACE OF YANKASA RAMS
Authors:
Saidu, S. G., Abdullahi, S., Adamu B., and Yahaya Babawuro.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 755 – 759
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EFFECT OF TREATED Sorghum cultivar (MASAKWA) STOVER SUPPLEMENTED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF Eichhornia crassipes (WATER HYACINTH) ON GROWTH PERFORMACE OF YANKASA RAMS
The study investigated the dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG), water intake (WI) and
feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Yankasa rams fed treated sorghum cultivar (Maskwa) Stover
supplemented with graded levels of water hyacinth. The experiments were conducted at Federal College
of Education Yola Teaching and Research farm. The objective of the study were to determine the dry
matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG), water intake (WI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The
weights of the animals were measured before the commencement of the experiment and weekly weight
gain were also taken. The formulated diets were offered at 08.00 to 09.30 am and 03:00 to 03: 30pm.
T1 (control) = Molasses treated masakwa Stover, T2= Molasses treated masakwa Stover plus 100g of
water hyacinth, T3= Molasses treated Masakwa Stover plus 200g of water hyacinth and T4= Molasses
treated masakwa Stover plus 300g of water hyacinth. The dry matter intake ranged from (844.69 to
947.69 gram/anima/day), total weight gain recorded (297.50 to 385.60kg), water intake recorded (2.89
to 3.25l/h/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.03 to 5.20) which showed significant difference (P<0.05)
among the treatment. Therefore, the result of this study showed that treated Masakwa Stover
supplemented with water hyacinth should be used as a diet for Yankasa rams since the inclusion of
these feeds had positive effects on dry mater intake 947.69 gram //animal/day live weight gain (57.78
ram/animal/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.03) of the animals. Farmers can use 300g of water
hyacinth to supplement Molasses treated Masakwa stover to feed rams.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN YEARLING WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED UREA-TREATED CORN COB-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FRESH MANGO (Mangifera indica) Leaf During The Dry Season
Authors:
Kwaghfan, S., Shaapera, T. A., and Chia, N., F.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 749 – 754
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN YEARLING WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED UREA-TREATED CORN COB-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FRESH MANGO (Mangifera indica) Leaf During The Dry Season
Goats suffer from poor quality and inadequate quantity of forages during the dry season in the tropics. This
results in stunted growth and poor meat yield. An 84-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth
performance and haematological profile of yearling West African Dwarf bucks fed diets containing varying
levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) of urea-treated corn cob supplemented with mango fresh (Mangifera
indica) leaves during the dry season between January and March. Twenty bucks (8 ± 0.42 kg) were
randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with each treatment having 5 goats and each goat serving as
a replicate, in a completely randomised design. Results showed that goats fed a 60% urea-treated corn cobbased diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher total weight gain (2.46 kg) and daily weight gain
(29.36 g/day) compared to other treatments. Dry matter intake was highest at 20% inclusion.
Haematological indices, including RBC, MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes, were
influenced (P < 0.05) but remained within normal physiological ranges, indicating no adverse health
effects. It was concluded that up to 60% urea-treated corn cob can be included in the diets of yearling West
African Dwarf bucks during the dry season to enhance growth without compromising health.
EFFECS OF FEEDING MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED WITH BREWERS DRIED GRAINS ON CARCASS AND BLOOD PARAMETERS TO WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
Authors:
Abdullahi, M., Abdullahi, S., Addass, P. A., Salihu, S., Nasuru, J., Danladi, Z. S., Midalah, B.D., and Aliyu, S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 744 – 748
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EFFECS OF FEEDING MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED WITH BREWERS DRIED GRAINS ON CARCASS AND BLOOD PARAMETERS TO WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
The experiment was conducted at Adamawa State University farm in the small ruminant unit. The pen was
demarcated into four treatments and each treatment was replicated three times making a total of twelve
experimental animals. The objective of this study was to determine proximate composition, hematology,
serum biochemistry parameters and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf goats fed mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla) leaves. The treatments were T1, T2, T3 and T4 that received Mahogany leaves basal
diet which were supplemented with 0g, 50g, 100g, and 150g of brewers’ dried grain (BDG) across
treatments. Randomized Completely Design (CRD) was employed in the study. The result obtained from
the study showed that feeding mahogany leaves supplemented with brewers dried grains enhanced the
quality of carcass especially the West African dwarf goats. Effects of the experimental diets on blood
profiles of the experimental animals showed that the PCV values which indicate the relative proportion of
plasma and red blood cells were 39.61 to 41.23% respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) values of 5.75 - 6.55 g/dl
recorded in this study may be an indication of the healthy animal, effects of the experimental diets on
carcass characteristics of West African dwarf goat’s showed that the weights of blood ranged from 315.00g
(T4) to 452.00g (T3). The Hides/skin, non-carcass, digestive organs, fore and hind limbs weights were
significantly (p < 0.05) different across treatments. Results of the research revealed that feeding mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla) leaves gives healthier animals and impacts superior qualities of carcass. It is
therefore recommended that mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) leaves could be used as basal diet for
fattening goats with little supplementation. However, the mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) leaves should
be substituted at higher levels.
RUMEN PROFILE OF RED SOKOTO BUCKS FED WITH DIFFERENT PROCESSED FORMS OF Piliostigma reticulatum PODS
Authors:
Yusuf, A., Makanjuola, P. O. Garba, M. G., Lamido, M. and Madigawa, L. I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 739 – 743
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RUMEN PROFILE OF RED SOKOTO BUCKS FED WITH DIFFERENT PROCESSED FORMS OF Piliostigma reticulatum PODS
Nine weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different processed Piliostigma
reticulatum pods on rumen profile of Red Sokoto bucks. Twelve bucks with an average initial weight of 9
± 2 kg were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design that
consisted 30% P. reticulatum pods designated as T1 (control), T2 (soaked) and T3 (roasted), formulated
to provide 12% crude protein. The parameters evaluated were; rumen pH, temperature and total volatile
fatty acids. The data generated were analyzed and difference among the means were separated using least
significant difference. The results revealed that significant differences (P0.05) different among the treatments, though T3 recorded the highest
numerical value (23.00), followed by T1 (19.00) and T2 (18.33). Rumen temperature differed
significantly (P<0.05) with T1 recording the highest temperature (17.00°C), followed by T3 (16.67°C)
and T2 (15.00°C). The study concluded that roasting P. reticulatum pods maintained higher rumen pH
within the optimal range for cellulolytic activity, while soaking better preserved crude protein but resulted
in lower pH values. These findings suggest that roasting as a processing method of P. reticulatum pods
can be strategically employed to meet specific nutritional objectives in small ruminant feeding systems.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE WASTE FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDING
Authors:
Modu-Kagu, H.A., Mohammed, A., Adamu, J., Kolo, U.M., Abbator, F.I., Babakura-Imam, Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 735 – 738
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NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE WASTE FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDING
This study evaluated the chemical composition, dry matter degradability, and invitro gas production of
selected fruit and vegetable by-products to determine their suitability as ruminant feed. Dry matter
content ranged from 80.07% to 94.50%, suggesting good shelf-life. Crude protein levels (5.15–16.65%)
showed that many by-products met the minimum protein requirement for ruminant maintenance. Dry
matter degradability varied significantly, with some by-products exceeding 50% after 48 hours,
indicating high digestibility. Invitro gas production also varied, with orange peel producing the highest
volume (70.10 mL at 48 h), followed by carrot tops and cabbage waste, demonstrating strong
fermentability. Conversely, pawpaw and banana peels had the lowest gas volumes. Overall, orange peel,
carrot tops, and cabbage waste show promise as alternative energy sources in ruminant diets, while less
fermentable by-products may need to be part of mixed rations to enhance their utility.
Potential Value of Sesban (Sesbania Sesban) Fodder and Napier Grass Hay Mixture Diets on the Growth Performance of West African Dwarf Growing Bucks
Authors:
Adebisi, I.A., Ajibike, A.B., Okunlola, O.O., Adeniyi, O.A., Alalade, J.A., Mustapha, T.B., Bako, B.A., Omojowo, D.D., Akanmu, O.C., Adesope, A. T and Ogunrinade, O.H.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 731 – 734
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Potential Value of Sesban (Sesbania Sesban) Fodder and Napier Grass Hay Mixture Diets on the Growth Performance of West African Dwarf Growing Bucks
Growth performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed Sesbania sesban forage with Napier grass
hay mixture diet for 90days feeding trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Oyo State
College of Agriculture and Technology Igbo-ora, Nigeria. Sixteen (16) growing WAD bucks between 6 -
9 months of weighing 6.00-10.00kg were randomly allocated to four (4) treatments with 4 bucks per
treatment and 2 bucks per replicate in a completely randomized design, and were fed daily with varied
experimental diets (T1 = 100%NG hay (100NG); T2 = 25%NG + 75%SS hay (25NG75SS); T3 =
50%NG+50%SS hay (50NG50SS); T4 = 100%SS hay (100SS)) with a 500g concentrate diet for individual
animals. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in all parameters determined on growth performance
across the dietary treatments. Buck maintained on T4 diet had the highest daily feed intake (283.19g/d),
while the lowest value (235.98g/d) for DFI was recorded on bucks fed diet T₁. The results revealed that
bucks fed diet T₁ recorded the least daily weight gain (20.56g/d) while the highest daily weight gain
(25.33g/d) was recorded in bucks fed diet T4. Hence, bucks fed diet T3 that contained 50%NG + 50%SS
hay mixture recorded the best feed utilization value of 11.10. The study revealed that 50%NG + 50%SS
hay mixture diet has a good nutrient profile and enhanced feed utilization in terms of feed conversion ratio
(FCR) by the bucks.
Effect of Ginger-Garlic Mixture on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Rams
Authors:
Shuaibu, A.Y., Jibrin, T.A., Tijjani, A.A., Maigandi, S.A., Aljameel, K.M.,
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 726 – 730
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Effect of Ginger-Garlic Mixture on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Rams
The use of phytogenic feed additives such as ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum)
offers a natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in ruminant nutrition. Despite their known
bioactive properties, data on their combined use in indigenous breeds like Uda rams remain limited.
A basal diet was formulated and supplemented with three different ginger-garlic mixtures: GGM1 (1:1;
ginger to garlic), GGM2 (2:1; ginger to garlic), and GGM3 (1:2; ginger to garlic), each at a rate of 5
g/kg of diet. Sixteen yearling intact Uda rams (average weight: 20.5 kg) were assigned in a completely
randomized design to four treatment groups: T1 (Control), T2 (GGM1), T3 (GGM2), and T4 (GGM3).
Rams were individually housed, and the trial lasted for nine weeks. Feed intake was measured daily,
and digestibility was evaluated through total faecal collection. Nutrient intake and digestibility were
evaluated. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and treatment means were established with
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P<0.05. The result showed that Rams receiving GGM2 exhibited
significantly higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility compared to other treatments. Conversely,
a garlic-dominant blend (GGM3) reduced feed intake and digestibility. Dietary supplementation with a
2:1 ginger-garlic mixture enhances nutrient utilization in Uda rams without compromising feed intake.
This phytogenic blend offers a practical strategy to improve ruminant feed efficiency.
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF COTTONSEED CAKE AND POULTRY LITTER AS SUPPLEMENT IN TOTAL MIXED RATIO ON HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF FATTENING YANKASA RAMS
Authors:
Kaganami, M., Kolo, U.M., Mohammed, B. M, Maru, A.S., Musa, I.A., Zannah, B.B, Mohammed, A., Mohammed, A.K., Shettima, S, and Mam, M.S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 722 – 725
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EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF COTTONSEED CAKE AND POULTRY LITTER AS SUPPLEMENT IN TOTAL MIXED RATIO ON HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF FATTENING YANKASA RAMS
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of cottonseed cake and poutry litter
based diets on the haematological indices of fattening rams. Sixteen (16) rams with an average weight
of 25kg-35kg were allotted to four treatments. The treatments evaluated were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%
for treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively in a Complete Randomized Design (C R D). The results showed
on significance (P>0.05) difference among the treatment mean. For Packed Cell Volume (PCV),
Haemoglobin (HB), White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume
(MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration
(MCHC). The results obtained showed that all the haemotological parameters obtained were within the
normal range values. It is concluded that inclusion of cottonseed cake and poultry litter in diets of
fattening rams have no any effect on treatment and effects on parameters evaluated.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF ENSILED RICE STRAW AND GMELINA (Gmelina arborea) WITH MOLASSES AS ADDITIVES
Authors:
Haruna, M.A., Salisu, S.G., Abdulsalam, M., Buhari, M.K., Dahiru, A.M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 719 – 721
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PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF ENSILED RICE STRAW AND GMELINA (Gmelina arborea) WITH MOLASSES AS ADDITIVES
This study examined the effect of varying levels of molasses inclusion on the nutrient composition and
physical quality of silage prepared from rice straw and Gmelina arborea (50:50). Five treatments were
formulated: 0% molasses (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% molasses, each replicated three times.
Proximate analysis and physical evaluation were conducted before and after ensiling. Data was analyzed
using a complete randomized design while means were separated using Duncan`s multiple range test.
Results indicated that molasses addition enhanced crude protein (CP) content across all treatments, with
the 15% molasses inclusion (Treatment 4) showing the highest CP value (10.65%). Although the 20%
inclusion (Treatment 5) scored highest in physical attributes such as smell, colour, and texture, the
laboratory analysis confirmed Treatment 4 as nutritionally superior. The findings suggest that 15%
molasses inclusion optimizes both nutrient quality and storage stability of rice straw and Gmelina arborea
silage. These results are significant for improving feed resources for ruminant livestock in regions facing
seasonal feed shortages.
SILAGE QUALITY AND FORAGE YIELD OF SWEET CORN STOVER FORTIFIED WITH DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES IN SHIKA.
Authors:
Ahmed, S.A., Hassan, S., Salisu, S.G., Ishiaku, Y.M., Ibrahim, H., Sani, R.T., Abdulsalam, M., Ibrahim, U. and Usman, A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 715 – 718
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SILAGE QUALITY AND FORAGE YIELD OF SWEET CORN STOVER FORTIFIED WITH DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES IN SHIKA.
This study was conducted to evaluate the silage quality and nutritional composition of sweet corn stover
fortified with different energy sources. The experimental design was complete randomized design with five
treatment (1: control without fortification, 2: fortified with wheat offal, 3. fortified with maize offal, 4.
fortified with rice bran and 5. fortified with molasses replicated three times. The result revealed that
temperature of 22.33oC for silage fortified with rice bran and molasses was significantly (P<0 .05) higher
than those fortified with wheat offal, maize offal and the control (20.50, 21.66 and 21.50oC), respectively.
The pH of the silage fortified with wheat offal (3.50) and maize offal (3.95) was lower (p < 0.05) than those
fortified with molasses (4.88), rice bran (5.04) and the control (5.85). Wheat and maize offal fortified silages
had sweet aroma while those fortified with molasses had pleasant aroma. The texture for all the treatments
were coarse. The colour was deep brown for the control and molasses fortified silages while wheat offal,
maize offal and rice bran had light brown colour. The highest (P<0.05) fresh forage (6.22 and 6.23 t/ha)
and dry matter yield (2.23 and 2.29 t/ha) were obtained in sweet corn stover silage fortified with wheat and
maize offal, respectively. It can therefore be concluded from the result of this study that ensiled sweet corn
stover with wheat offal or maize offal had better temperature, lower pH with sweet pleasant aroma.
EVALUATION OF HYDROPONIC MILLET FODDER PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SOME PEARL MILLET VARIETIES IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT OF NIGERIA
Authors:
Mustapha, M., Sambo, I., Mohd, S.K., Karaji, A.K., Mafa, M.A. and Umara, L. Hajja, G.M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 712 – 714
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EVALUATION OF HYDROPONIC MILLET FODDER PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SOME PEARL MILLET VARIETIES IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT OF NIGERIA
The field experiment was experiment conducted on evaluation of pearl millet varieties for hydroponic green
fodder potential in a semi-arid environment of Nigeria to determine the effects of variety on agronomic
characteristics of hydroponic millet fodder. The experiment was carried out at Lake Chad Research Institute
which was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Four (4) varieties of pearl millet were used
for this experiment designed as V1, V2, V3 and V4 as treatment, each treatment was replicated three times. The
study reveals that the highest plant height, fresh fodder weight and dry fodder weight (6.88 cm), (6.10kg) and
(1.41kg) was significantly (P<0.05) recorded in Super Sosat hydroponic millet fodder while the lowest (6.60
cm), (65 cm), (5.45kg) and (1.27kg) was observed in Sosat C88, Jirani, Maiwa and Maiwa pearl millet
varieties. In conclusion, the best millet variety for hydroponic fodder production was Super Sosat based on the
agronomic characteristics of the fodders observed and alternatively Jirani millet variety.
Physicochemical Composition of Silage Produced from Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Varieties in Shika, Nigeria
Authors:
Ramatu, I and Ishiaku, Y.M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 708 – 711
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Physicochemical Composition of Silage Produced from Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Varieties in Shika, Nigeria
Silage production has been widely promoted as a viable strategy for conserving forages during
periods of abundance to sustain livestock feeding in times of scarcity. This study was conducted at
the National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Shika, Nigeria, to evaluate the
comparative nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of silage produced from four (4)
Napier grass varieties: Juncao, Super Napier, Hybrid Napier, and Elephant grass. A Randomized
Complete Block Design was employed, and forages were harvested at 10 weeks of growth,
chopped, and ensiled for 22 days in airtight containers. Laboratory analyses were conducted to
determine proximate composition and physical characteristics were determined. Results indicated
significant (P<0.05) varietal differences in both nutritional and fermentation qualities. Elephant
grass exhibited the highest crude protein content (12.07%) but also the highest crude fiber
(33.63%), which may reduce digestibility. Hybrid Napier combined high crude protein (11.86%)
with excellent dry matter retention (95.01%), making it nutritionally balanced. Super Napier
demonstrated optimal fermentation quality, recording the lowest silage pH (3.93), which is within
the desirable range for silage stability. The findings suggest that Hybrid Napier and Juncao are the
most promising varieties for silage production in Shika, Nigeria, due to their superior balance of
nutrient composition and digestibility. While Elephant grass may contribute protein, its high crude
fiber content limits efficiency, and Super Napier offers fermentation stability but requires dietary
supplementation. This study underscores the importance of varietal selection in silage production
as a strategy for sustainable livestock feeding and improved productivity in the Guinea Savannah
zone of Nigeria.
Growth Performance of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Grown with Different Organic Manures
Authors:
Ajagbe, A.D., Adejoh, G., Opotu, J.O., Olubiyo E.A., Amodu F.A., Balogun, P., Yakubu, I.M., Ogbondeminu, M.O., and Fasasi, A.O and Jacob H.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 704 – 707
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Growth Performance of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Grown with Different Organic Manures
This experiment was conducted to examine growth performance of Napier grass on growth fertilized
with different organic manures. Four (4) treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block
Design with three replicates consisting of different manure types. The T1 Napier grass intercropped
with legume (groundnut), T2 Napier grass fertilized with cattle dung, T3 was Napier grass fertilized
with swine dung and T4 was Napier grass fertilized with poultry manure application. These manures
were applied by site placement method two weeks after planting at the rate of 200 kgN/ha based on
their nitrogen content. Napier grass stems were planted on ploughed plots with required agronomic
practices. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width and stem circumference were
measured at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after planting (WAP). Results obtained showed that manure types
showed significant influence (P<0.05) on growth parameters measured at different weeks after planting.
Higher (P<0.05) growth parameters were obtained for Napier grass grown with cattle manure at
different weeks after planting. It could be concluded that cattle dung is a preferred organic manure for
cultivating elephant grass, as it consistently supported superior vegetative growth and biomass
accumulation compared to poultry and swine dung
Proximate, Mineral, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Composition of Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) Weed as Potential Feed Supplement to Monogastric and Ruminants Nutrition
Authors:
Nyako, H. D., Mansur, D., Muhammad, M.F., Billiane, B., Habibu I.M. and Muhammad, A.I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 699 – 703
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Proximate, Mineral, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Composition of Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) Weed as Potential Feed Supplement to Monogastric and Ruminants Nutrition
The Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) weed was bought at “Hayin-gada” along Jimeta-Girei River in
Adamawa State. The proximate and phytochemical compositions of the leaves and stems of the weed
was analysed according to the standard procedures. Minerals and Vitamins concentrations were
determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductivity Coupled Plasma Mass
Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductivity Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and
X-Ray florescence (XRF). The Proximate analysis showed moisture (9.55%), CP (17.7%), Nitrogen
free extract (45.84%), Energy content value (2,415.78Kcal/Kg), Ash (9.72%), Esther extract (4.19%).
Some minerals analysed were Ca (2620mg/Kg), P (3731 mg/Kg), Mg (3924mg/Kg) and K (5881
mg/Kg) while some minor minerals like Iron (82mg/Kg), Zn (36mg/Kg), Cu (11mg/Kg) and Mn
(43mg/Kg) were also determined. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of Alkaloids
(0.05mg/100g), Saponins (3.11%), Tannin (1.43%), Glycoside (0.31%), Flavonoid, Steroid, Apigenin
(20.32mg/100g), oxalate (2.31%) and phytate (0.096 mg/100g). Similarly, some antioxidants
components were evaluated; Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) (14 mg/ 100g), Vitamin E (17mg), β-Carotene
(0.1mg/100g), total phenolics (420 mg/100g) and Glutathione (8.9 mg/100g). Purslane weed is widely
available in riverine areas, low cost and has potentials in feeding animals as a supplement because it
has all the nutrients especially protein and it can contribute to omega-3 fatty acid, vitamin A, C and E.
Similarly, it has some essential major and minor minerals and it is valuable as forage supplement for
ruminants due to high phytochemical content. Therefore, it is recommended to feed ruminants as
supplement.
EFFECTS OF FORAGE TYPES AND CUTTING INTERVAL ON BIOMASS YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED FORAGES
Authors:
Adesanya, A.B., Alabi, B.O., Akinduro,V.O. Fakolade, P.O., Ayandiran, S.K and Oyewole, S.T.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 695 – 698
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EFFECTS OF FORAGE TYPES AND CUTTING INTERVAL ON BIOMASS YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED FORAGES
A 12-week investigation was conducted on effect of forage types and cutting interval on herbage yield
and chemical composition of selected forages. Three forages (maize, millet and sorghum) and five cutting
intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 post planting) were laid in 3 x 5 factorial arrangement using randomized
completely block design. The treatments were replicated three times. Results revealed that among the
three selected forages, the value recorded for herbage yield of maize (493.13g) was significantly (P<0.05)
higher than other forage types while the highest biomass yield was recorded for 12 weeks post planting
(470.11g). Millet had the highest value for dry matter (90.48%), crude protein (11.43%) but lower NDF
(60.78%). Dry matter content was increasing while crude protein was decreasing with advancement in
cutting intervals. Therefore, millet harvested at 12 weeks post planting had better dry matter and chemical
compositions. This study showed that Maize produced better yield, thus it could serve as a fodder bank
for ruminant production. It could be concluded that maize had better herbage yield than other forages
while cutting of the three selected forages can be done up to 12th weeks for optimum utilization.
AGRONOMIC AND MACRO MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF Panicum coloratum AS AFFECTED BY WATER STRESS AND CUTTING AGE
Authors:
Aderinola O.A., Adedokun S.N., Onigbinde, A. and Fajinmi, E. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 691 – 694
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AGRONOMIC AND MACRO MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF Panicum coloratum AS AFFECTED BY WATER STRESS AND CUTTING AGE
In a 4x4 factorial arrangement, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water Quantity
(WQ) and Cutting Age (CA) on the agronomic and macro mineral compositions of Panicum coloratum.
There were 4 levels of water quantity (200, 300, 400 and 500mls) and 4 cutting age (4, 8, 12 and 16week).
Data were collected on plant height (PH), Tiller Number (TN), Herbage Yield (HY), Calcium (Ca),
Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na). All data were subjected to analysis of variance using a general linear
model of SAS (2000), means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) 5% probability
level. PH was significant for WQ (P=0.030), CA (P=0.00) but not significant (P=0.12) for interaction effect.
The TN were not significantly affected, HY was significantly affected by the WQ (0.00) and CA (0.00) but
not affected by the interaction effect (P=0.10). Ca was significantly affected by the WQ (0.05) and CA
(0.01). While the highest potassium (0.80% and 0.80%) were obtained when Panicum coloratum was
irrigated with 200mls of water and harvested between weeks 4-8 respectively but low at 500mls and 16
weeks of harvest. Na was not significant with irrigation (P=0.34) but high (0.27%) when Panicum
coloratum was harvested between 4-8 weeks and low between 12-16 weeks. It could be concluded from
this study that water quantity and cutting age has significant effect on the agronomic and macro mineral
composition of Panicum coloratum.
EVALUATION OF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CROP RESIDUES ENSILED WITH MINERAL ADDITIVES
Authors:
Kabir A. U., Abdurrahaman S. L., Umar A. I., Dahiru M., and Muhammad A. S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 688 – 690
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EVALUATION OF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CROP RESIDUES ENSILED WITH MINERAL ADDITIVES
This study was conducted to evaluated the change in mineral composition of ensiled crop residues (rice
milling waste and sugar cane top) with and without salt and potash as additives. The experiment was
laid in a completely randomized design consisting 5 treatments each replicated three times, as: T1
RSCT (control 75% rice straw + 25% sugarcane tops), T2 (RSCT + 50 g salt), T3 (RSCT + 100 g salt),
T4 (RSCT + 50 g potash), T5 (RSCT + 100 g potash). The results showed that potash at 50 g
significantly enhanced the mineral availability of Ca, Mg, Mn, and P. Salt treatments resulted in
intermediate mineral values. Supplementation with potash at 50 g improved the mineral composition of
ensiled crop residues, making them a valuable source of minerals for animal feed. This study suggests
that potash-treated crop residues are a viable option for sustainable animal feed production.
NAPIER GRASS (Pennisetum purpereum): A RESILIENT AND HIGH-QUALITY FORAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS – A REVIEW
Authors:
Hyelda, A.J., Ahmed, A., Abdullahi, S., Muazu, A. and Tuwanga, J.V.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 683 – 687
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NAPIER GRASS (Pennisetum purpereum): A RESILIENT AND HIGH-QUALITY FORAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN SEMI-ARID REGIONS – A REVIEW
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), also known as elephant grass, is a perennial tropical forage crop
recognized for its exceptional biomass production, adaptability, and nutritive value. It is widely
cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, as a primary feed resource for
ruminants. In semi-arid zones of Nigeria, where seasonal feed scarcity constrains livestock productivity,
Napier grass offers a sustainable solution due to its drought tolerance, rapid regrowth, and compatibility
with various conservation methods such as silage and haymaking. This review synthesizes available
literature on the agronomic characteristics, nutritional composition, adaptability, and management
strategies for optimizing Napier grass production under semi-arid conditions. Emphasis is placed on its
role in improving feed availability during dry seasons, potential for integration into cut-and-carry
feeding systems, and compatibility with smallholder farming systems. Given its high crude protein
content, digestibility, and energy value, Napier grass stands out as a pivotal forage for enhancing cattle
performance, milk yield, and overall farm profitability. The review concludes that targeted research,
farmer training, and policy support are essential to fully harness the potential of Napier grass as a
dependable forage in semi-arid livestock systems.
UTILIZATION OF ENSILED Spondia mombin (HOG PLUM) LEAVES BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP
Authors:
Adebayo J. O., Folorunso M. A., Ogunbotu Y. S., Akanbi D. O., Bamidele Z. O., Ogunlana O. M., Popoola D. A., Akinbowale E. E., Ogunnaike E. O., Balogun M. O., and Kassim H. G.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 679 – 682
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UTILIZATION OF ENSILED Spondia mombin (HOG PLUM) LEAVES BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP
Seasonal feed shortages in tropical Nigeria pose challenges to ruminant production, with feed costs
comprising 60-70% of expenses. This study assessed the chemical composition and utilization of ensiled
Spondias mombin leaves as an alternative feed for West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep. Twelve (12) WAD
sheep (10-12 kg) were assigned to four (4) diets in a 90-day trial using a completely randomized design:
T1 (20% concentrate + 80% SMNAD, no additive), T2 (20% concentrate + 80% SMGNC, groundnut
cake), T3 (20% concentrate + 80% SMPKC, palm kernel cake), and T4 (20% concentrate + 80%
SMWHO, wheat offal). Chemical composition showed significant (P<0.05) variations: dry matter (40.23-
56.82%), crude protein (13.98-18.01%), crude fiber (13.87-18.32%), ether extract (3.23-4.13%), ash
(10.32-12.98%) and nitrogen-free extract (52.31-54.27%), respectively. Fiber fractions differed: neutral
detergent fiber (59.89-62.81%), acid detergent fiber (30.21-33.18%) and acid detergent lignin (11.00-
15.01%), respectively. Performance metrics revealed that SMGNC-fed sheep had the highest (P<0.05)
dry matter intake (689.20 g/d), weight gain (6.35 kg), average daily gain (70.55 g/d), and best feed
conversion ratio (9.77). Ensiled Spondias mombin with groundnut cake offers a viable, cost-effective dryseason feed to improve ruminant productivity.
Effects of Citrus species pulp on the silage fermentation of Cenchrus purpureus – Calopogonium mucunoides mixtures
Authors:
Bewaji, L. M., Ojo V. O. A., Adeoye, S. A., Ogunkeye, I. A. and Folorunso K. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 675 – 678
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Effects of Citrus species pulp on the silage fermentation of Cenchrus purpureus – Calopogonium mucunoides mixtures
The effects of Citrus sinensis (CS) – sweet orange and Citrus maxima (CMA) – Shaddock pulps on silage
fermentative properties and microbial counts from a blend of Cenchrus purpureus(CP) and Calopogonium
mucunoides (CM) in varying amounts during 60 days of ensiling were evaluated. The silage treatments
consisted of T1-100% CP, T2-60% CP + 10% CMA + 30% CM and T3-60% CP + 10% CS + 30% CM
were subjected to a completely randomized design. The dry matter content, pH, Ammonia-N and Fleig
score of the silages were not significantly different (P < 0.05) in all the treatments. Higher values were
recorded for lactic (T2 (5.03%) and T3 (5.19%)), acetic (T2 (3.77%) and T3 (3.89%)), propionic (T2
(0.25%) and T3 (0.26%)) and butyric acid (T2 (0.0377) and T3 (0.0389%)) and total VFA (T2 (5.66%)
and T3 (5.84%)) for silages with citrus inclusion above sole grass silage. Sole grass silage consistently
recorded lower microbial contents while T3 had higher yeast counts above other silages. In conclusion,
ensiling citrus spp pulp alongside grass and legume, produced silages of better fermentative characteristics
and microbial contents. And as a result, inclusion of citrus spp pulp into silage will offer both quantitative
and qualitative fodder for animals most especially throughout the dry season.
PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF GRASS-LEGUME BASED MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK
Authors:
Ahmed. U. B, Girgiri. A, Jersey. R, Lawan. U, Malah. H. G, Gava. I. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 670 – 674
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PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF GRASS-LEGUME BASED MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK
This study was conducted to develop and evaluate multi-nutrient blocks (MNBs) as a cost-effective feed
supplement for ruminants in semi-arid regions, particularly during the dry season. The objectives were to
formulate MNBs using a combination of grasses, legumes, and agro-industrial by-products, assess their
hardness and compactness, and analyze their chemical composition. The methodology involved sourcing
feed ingredients such as maize bran, groundnut haulms, and grasses (Gamba grass Andropogon
gayanus, Napier grass Cenchurus purpureus, Para grass Brachiaria mutica, and Legumes Lab
Lab Lablab purpureus, Macuna Macuna pruriens, Stylosenthes guianensis) which were dried
separately for 3 days under a shade, processed (the dry leaves were crumbled by hand to form leave
meal) and combined with additives like molasses, salt, and urea. The blocks were molded using a cold
process and dried for 14 days and analysed for nutritional quality using (AOAC, 1990) method. The study
concluded that MNBs are a viable and affordable nutritional supplement for livestock, particularly in areas
with limited feed availability. It highlighted the need for optimizing ingredient proportions, improving
drying techniques, and ensuring consistency in production to enhance the nutritional quality and shelf life
of the blocks.
EFFECT OF VARIETY AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE pH OF SORGHUM SILAGE
Authors:
Zakka, T., Musa, A., Yashim, S.M., Hassan, M.R., Aruna, U.L., Munza, B.M., Yilwatda, B.M., Lawan, S.K. and Sadiq, A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 666 – 669
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EFFECT OF VARIETY AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE pH OF SORGHUM SILAGE
This study evaluated the effect of sorghum variety and nitrogen fertilization on the fermentation
characteristics of sorghum silage, with particular focus on silage pH. Field experiments were conducted
during the 2023 and 2024 rainy seasons at the National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI),
Shika, Nigeria. Two sorghum varieties, sweet sorghum and samsorgh-17, were cultivated under four
nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120, and 180 Nkg/ha) and harvested for ensiling at 14 weeks after sowing. Silage
samples were assessed for pH after 21 days of ensiling. Results revealed significant varietal differences
(p < 0.05), with Samsorgh-17 consistently producing lower silage pH values than sweet sorghum,
indicating a more efficient fermentation process. Nitrogen application showed variable effects across
years; in 2024, moderate nitrogen fertilization (60 Nkg/ha) reduced silage pH most effectively, while
higher rates (120–180 Nkg/ha) slightly increased pH. These findings highlight the potential of samsorgh17 as a promising forage variety for silage production under variable nitrogen regimes in the Northern
Guinea Savannah.
BIOMASS YIELD OF NAPIER GRASS UNDER IRRIGATION SYSTEM AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS IN YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE
Authors:
Ahmed, A., Hyelda, A.J., Muazu, A., Yakubu, A.K., Abdullahi, S., and Ibrahim, A.S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 662 – 665
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BIOMASS YIELD OF NAPIER GRASS UNDER IRRIGATION SYSTEM AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS IN YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE
A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertilizers on the fresh forage and dry matter
yield of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) under irrigation system in Yola, Adamawa State. The
treatments comprised NPK fertilizer at 250 kg/ha, cow dung at 7 tons/ha, and a no-fertilizer control. The
experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Harvests were
carried out at 60, 90, and 120 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that both fertilizer treatments
significantly improved fresh and dry matter yields compared to the control. Cow dung consistently
produced higher yields than NPK at all stages, with peak performance at 120 DAP. The control plots
recorded the lowest yields throughout the study. The findings underscore the potential of organic manure
in enhancing biomass production of Napier grass under irrigated conditions. It is therefore recommended
that cow dung be adopted for increased forage productivity in semi-arid regions.
SILAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED MIXTURE OF CABBAGE WASTE, WHEAT OFFAL, DRIED CASSAVA WASTE AND BREWERS SPENT GRAINS
Authors:
UNAH, U. L., INYANG, U. A., JACK, A., EKANEM, N. J., and ISONGUYO, E. N
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 656 – 661
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SILAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED MIXTURE OF CABBAGE WASTE, WHEAT OFFAL, DRIED CASSAVA WASTE AND BREWERS SPENT GRAINS
An investigation was carried out on the physicochemical properties, proximate composition and
phytochemical composition of ensiled cabbage waste, wheat offal, dried cassava waste and brewers spent
grains. The agro by products were mixed as - T1 (0% cabbage wastes: 30% cassava waste: 20% wheat
offal: 50% BSG), T2 (5% cabbage waste: 30% cassava waste: 15% wheat offal: 50% BSG), and T3 (10%
cabbage waste: 30% cassava peels: 10% wheat offal: 50% BSG). The quality characteristics (colour, odour,
pH, temperature and texture), proximate composition (crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and
nitrogen free extract) and phytochemical composition (tannin, hydrocyanide, lactate, ammonia nitrogen and
saponin) were assayed. The resulting silage was characterized by brown to brownish green colour and the
odour was generally alcoholic. The pH range was from 6.15 – 6.70 and temperature ranged from 36oC to
37oC while texture was moist. The proximate composition of the ensiled mixtures ranged from 50.34 %
(T2) - 56.27 % (T3) dry matter; 14.00 % (T1) – 14.70 % (T2) crude protein and 19.75 % (T2) – 33.56 %
(T1) crude fibre. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the silages ranged in the contents of tannin (5.23
mg/g – 5.61 mg/g), hydrocyanide (2.35 mg/g – 4.21 mg/g), lactate (1.82 % - 2.36 %), ammonia nitrogen
(2.24 % - 2.35 %) and saponin (3.46 mg/g – 4.18 mg/g). The results of the study concluded that cabbage
wastes could be included up to 10% in ruminant diet during periods of drought instead of allowing them to
constitute a nuisance to the environment and man.
GROWTH COMPONENTS AND FORGAE YIELD OF Centrosema pascuorum AS INFLUENCED BY INTER-ROW SPACING AND AGE OF HARVEST IN MAIDUGURI
Authors:
Munza, B.M., Abdullahi, A. S., Salihu, D. Y., Zagi, S. P., Ayeye, T. E. and Attah, M.G.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 652 – 655
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GROWTH COMPONENTS AND FORGAE YIELD OF Centrosema pascuorum AS INFLUENCED BY INTER-ROW SPACING AND AGE OF HARVEST IN MAIDUGURI
This study was conducted during the 2024 rainy season at the Pasture Unit of the Livestock Teaching and
Research Farm, University of Maiduguri. It evaluated the growth components and forage yield of
Centrosema pascuorum in response to inter-row spacing (30, 60, and 90 cm) and age of harvest (4, 8, 12,
and 16 weeks after planting – WAP). A 3 × 4 factorial experiment, arranged in a Randomized Complete
Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was employed. Data collected included; number of leaves, leaf
length, leaf width, number of branches, and fresh and dry forage yields. Significant effects (P<0.05) were
observed for both spacing and age on all parameters measured. Wider spacing (90 cm) produced the highest
leaf length (9.16 cm), leaf width (0.95 cm), branch number (5.35), fresh yield (6.11 t/ha), and dry yield
(2.18 t/ha). The highest number of leaves (256.00), fresh (8.70 t/ha), and dry yield (3.08 t/ha) were recorded
at 16 WAS. No significant interaction effect was observed. For optimal yield, planting at 90 cm spacing
and harvesting at 16 WAS could be recommended.
GROWING OF HYDROPONIC MAIZE FODDER USING LOW COST GREEN HOUSE CULTIVATION
Authors:
Abdullahi, S., Addass, P. A., Saidu, S. G., Nyako, H. D., Agboola, T. B., Owih, E. E., Abdullahi, M., Clement, E. and Aliyu, S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 647 – 651
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GROWING OF HYDROPONIC MAIZE FODDER USING LOW COST GREEN HOUSE CULTIVATION
The study was conducted at Duware research farm, is a private research farm located 2km away from Yola
South Metropolis. The study evaluated the method of Growing Hydroponic Maize Fodder Using Low Cost
Green House Cultivation, the objectives of this research are to adverse the force seep problems through
these methods first: Harvesting of hydroponic maize and biomass production. Second: Impact of
environment on growing hydroponic maize fodder, the following are impact of environment on growing
hydroponic maize fodder; Light Intensity, Temperature and Air Humidity. Third: challenges of growing
hydroponic maize fodder involves the following; Prevalence of mold, Management and Irrigation. The
following are method for growing hydroponic maize; Sources of maize seeds, Seeds storage, Washing and
removal of chaff from maize seeds, Treatments of seeds and improvised silver aluminum trays, soaking of
maize seeds, Incubation period of maize seeds, planting of maize seeds, Seeds rate, Preparation of calcium
nitrates Ca (NO3)2 and Harvesting of hydroponic maize. This study revealed that hydroponic greenhouse
cultivation is better option in the utilization of inputs and improved maize production. The irrigated water
used for growing hydroponic maize should be replaced after every 3 days to reduce microbial
contamination in maize, Seeds should be soaked in fresh water for different periods; 4h, 8h, 12-16h and
24h depending on the hardness of the seed coat for proper growth and development of hydroponic maize
and the green shed is important for lighting to prevent yellowing of the leaves because green shade net
allows sufficient light and maintain favorable temperature and humidity for optimum photosynthesis which
results to better yield of hydroponic maize. In conclusion, hydroponic system minimizes water wastage
since it applied directly to the roots and is often recycled and used several times and about 1.5 – 2 liter are
needed/ required to produce 1 kg of green maize hydroponically, it is recommended that green shed is
important for lighting to prevent yellowish of the leaves because green shade net allows sufficient light and
maintain favorable temperature and humidity for optimum photosynthesis which results to better yield of
hydroponic maize.
EFFICACY OF RABBIT URINE AS FERTILIZER ON HERBAGE YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CONGO GRASS (Brachiaria ruziziensis)
Authors:
Ayandiran, S.K., Ojo, O.A, Akintobi S.O and Oloidi, F.F.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 643 – 646
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EFFICACY OF RABBIT URINE AS FERTILIZER ON HERBAGE YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CONGO GRASS (Brachiaria ruziziensis)
This study determined the efficacies of rabbit urine as fertilizer on herbage yield and nutritive value
of Brachiaria ruziziensis. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with four
treatments comprising of varying rabbit urine concentrations; T1 (no urine), T2 (714ml), T3
(833ml) and T4 (882ml) with each treatment replicated four times. Fresh matter yield (FMY), dry
matter yield (DMY) and morphological traits were estimated. Samples of grasses were taken for
chemical analysis. The FMY and DMY of T4 (882ml) had significantly (P<0.05) superior values to
other treatments. The number of leaves was significantly (P<0.05) highest in T4 (615.00), followed
by T1 (491.50), T2 (472.00) and least T3 (376.00). The T4 (9.78) concentration was significantly
highest (p<0.05) in crude protein T1 (8.05), T2 (7.18) and T3 (6.36). The values of crude fibre was
significantly higher (p<0.05) in T3 (33.96) and T1 (34.02) concentrations than T3 (33.96) and T4
(30.15). However, the Congo grass treated with T3 and T2 urine concentrations had significantly
higher (P<0.05) NDF, ADF, ADL, HEM and CEL contents than T4 and T1. It could be concluded
that rabbit urine at 882 ml/l concentration (T4) led to improved herbage and agronomic yields as
well as crude protein and metabilisable energy contents.
INTEGRATING NOMADIC AND AGRICULTURAL LAND USE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:
Getso, M. M., Barde, A. M., Iliyasu, A., Hassan, A. A., Muhammad, N., Abdullahi, S., Muhammad, S. A., Kaboshio, K. Y., and Gandi, B. R.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 640 – 642
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INTEGRATING NOMADIC AND AGRICULTURAL LAND USE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Nomadic pastoralism supports millions but faces challenges like land conflicts, environmental
degradation, and restrictive policies. Tensions with farmers often arise over resource use. However,
solutions such as inclusive land-use planning, agro-pastoral cooperation, legal recognition of land rights,
and climate-resilient practices offer pathways for peaceful coexistence and sustainable rural development.
SYNBIOTIC EVALUATION OF Ocimum canum WITH Lactobacillus subtilis ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS
Authors:
Salihu, E.A. , Bawa, G.S., Omage, J.J., Buba, W., Yunana, Y.L. and Tanko, S.Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 637 – 639
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SYNBIOTIC EVALUATION OF Ocimum canum WITH Lactobacillus subtilis ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS
This study evaluated the synbiotic effects of Ocimum canum (African sweet basil) and Lactobacillus
subtilis on the growth performance of broiler chicks from 0 to 4 weeks of age. A total of 360 day-old
Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a completely randomized
design with three replicates of 20 birds each. Treatments comprised a control diet, two levels of O.
canum (800 and 1200 g/100 kg feed), two synbiotic diets (O. canum at 800 and 1200 g/100 kg feed +
L. subtilis), and a standard antibiotic control (oxytetracycline). Parameters measured included weight
gain, average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed cost per
kilogram gain, and mortality. Results showed that birds fed O. canum alone or in combination with L.
subtilis performed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) better than the control. The highest final body weight (953.42
g/bird), daily weight gain (32.69 g/bird/day), and best FCR (1.72) were recorded in birds fed diet
containing oxytetracycline, and those fed diet containing 800 and 1200 g/100kg diet of Ocimum canum
followed by group fed the synbiotic diet with 800 and 1200 g/100 kg O. canum plus L. subtilis. Feed
cost per kilogram gain was lowest in the same group with similar trend. It was concluded that the use
of O. canum singly or in combination with L. subtilis enhanced feed efficiency and growth performance,
suggesting that this synbiotic mixture can serve as a viable natural alternative to antibiotics in broiler
production
FEED UTILIZATION AND SERUM PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED Chromolaena odorata LEAF MEAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTER
Authors:
Obayemi, I. M., Atteh, O.M., Ogundele, O. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 633 – 636
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FEED UTILIZATION AND SERUM PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED Chromolaena odorata LEAF MEAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTER
The potentials of Chromolaena odorata (siam weed) leaf meal (COLM) as an alternative to
oxytetracycline was investigated. COLM was incorporated into the formulated broiler diets at 0%,
0.5%, 1%, 1.5% respectively with a fifth treatment which contained the antibiotic growth promoter as
positive control. Two hundred and twenty five unsexed arbor acre broiler chicks were used for the
experiment; they were allotted into the five treatments with three replicates each in a completely
randomized design and fed for 42 days. Results showed that COLM had 13.17% crude protein, 7.89
crude fibre and 12.23% ash. It contained 3.23mg/100g flavonoids,2.37mg/100galkaloids,4.63mg/100g
saponins, 21.37mg/100g tannins, 11.37mg/100g glycosides, 8.53mg/100g phenolic acids, 1.37mg/100g
coumarins, 10.47mg/100g terpenoids and 1.67mg/100g steroids. It also indicated that at 1.5% level of
inclusion, feed utilization and growth performance of the birds were significantly (P< 0.05). The serum
biochemical parameters were within normal limits and indicative of the beneficial effects of its inclusion
in the diets. The use of this at 1.5% was recommended for profitable and sustainable broiler chicken
production.
BAOBAB: THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF AFRICAN FOREST RESOURCES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION
Authors:
Ochigbo, E.S. and Salihu, E.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 630 – 632
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BAOBAB: THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF AFRICAN FOREST RESOURCES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a vital non-timber forest product with immense potential in both forestry
and animal nutrition. Native to the African savanna, this multipurpose tree contributes to ecological
stability, rural livelihoods, and sustainable feed production. The leaves, fruit pulp, and seeds are rich in
nutrients, bioactive compounds, and minerals that support animal growth and health. Despite its abundance,
baobab remains underutilized in livestock and monogastric feed formulation. This review combines current
knowledge on its botanical characteristics, nutritional composition and applications in monogastric animal
nutrition. Available evidence reveals the significance of baobab plant in forest ecosystems and its potential
to enhance sustainable feed systems in livestock production. The review concludes with recommendations
and strategies to promote the integration of baobab into forestry and feed management practices, as feed
resource and phytogenic additives.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING COMBINATIONS OF Mentha piperita AND Adansonia digitata AS PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES
Authors:
Reuben, R.S., Onimisi, P.A. and Salihu, E.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 627 – 629
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CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING COMBINATIONS OF Mentha piperita AND Adansonia digitata AS PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES
This study evaluated the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets containing combinations
of Mentha piperita (peppermint) and Adansonia digitata (baobab) leaf meals as phytogenic feed
additives. Four hundred (400) day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five dietary
treatments with three replicates of twenty-seven birds each in a completely randomized design. The
treatments consisted of a control diet (T1), diets containing combinations of peppermint and baobab
leaf meals at 75:25 (T2), 50:50 (T3), 25:75 (T4), and a diet containing oxytetracycline (T5) as an
antibiotic growth promoter (AGP). Results revealed significant (p0.05). Birds fed diets containing 50:50 combinations of Mentha
piperita and Adansonia digitata recorded the highest live and dressed weights, comparable to those on
the antibiotic diet. The findings suggest that the synergistic inclusion of peppermint and baobab leaves
can effectively improve carcass yield and organ development in broilers, serving as a natural alternative
to synthetic growth promoters.
EFFECT OF LITTER TYPE AND AMENDMENT ON SERUM INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Tanko, S.Y., Olugbemi, T.S., Bawa, G.S., Afolayan, M. and Salihu, E.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 624 – 626
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EFFECT OF LITTER TYPE AND AMENDMENT ON SERUM INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS
The study investigated the effect of litter type and amendment on serum indices of broiler chickens. A
total of 306 day-old broiler chicks were allotted to six treatments in a 2×3 factorial arrangement
involving two litter materials (wood shavings and rice husk) and three amendments (0, alum, and
bentonite) in a completely randomized design. Standard diets were provided during the starter (0–4
weeks) and finisher (5–7 weeks) phases. Serum biochemical parameters were analyzed using standard
methods. Results showed significant (p<0.05) effects of litter and amendments on several serum indices.
Birds raised on rice husk without amendment had the highest AST and BUN levels, suggesting liver
and renal stress. However, alum and bentonite treatments mitigated these effects. Bentonite-treated
litters consistently produced lower ALT, ALP, and BUN values, indicating improved metabolic and
hepatic function. Wood shavings and rice husk combined with bentonite yielded the most favourable
serum profiles. The study concludes that litter management significantly affects serum biochemistry
and, consequently, broiler welfare and productivity.
VILLI MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING RATIOS OF Piper guineense AND Gnetum africanum
Authors:
Taruwa, A., Olugbemi, T. S., Afolayan, S. B. and Salihu, E.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 621 – 623
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VILLI MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING RATIOS OF Piper guineense AND Gnetum africanum
The study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion ratios of Piper guineense and Gnetum africanum on
villi morphometric traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty-five (255) day-old Ross 308 broiler
chicks were allotted to five dietary treatments with three replicates of seventeen birds each in a
completely randomized design. The diets contained combinations of P. guineense and G. africanum at
ratios of 0, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25, with oxytetracycline serving as a reference control, with 25:75,
50:50, and 75:25 representing P. guineense and G. africanum at 62.5g+375g, 125g+250g and
187.5g+125g, respectively. Intestinal samples were collected and analyzed for villi height, width, crypt
depth, surface area, and perimeter. Results revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in all villi
morphometric parameters except villi height to crypt depth ratio. Birds fed the 75:25 ratio of P.
guineense to G. africanum exhibited superior villi area, perimeter, and height, indicating improved
intestinal morphology and absorptive capacity. The enhanced villi development suggests a synergistic
effect of the phytochemicals and essential oils present in the plant combination, promoting gut health
and nutrient utilization.
HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER BIRDS FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL
Authors:
Nsa, E. E., Archibong, E. E., Umoren, E. P., Nsa, K. E. and Kperun, T. N.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 617 – 620
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HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF BROILER BIRDS FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL
The study was conducted to investigate the haematological indices of broiler finisher birds fed varying
dietary levels of pawpaw leaf meal. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) 28-day old broiler chickens
(Arbor Acre strain) was used and the study lasted for 28 days. The birds were randomly allocated to
four groups. Each group was replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design. Experimental
diets were made to contain 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% of analysed pawpaw leaf meal, to represent treatments
1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Blood samples were collected through neck slitting from 3 birds per replicate
for haematological indices. The result of the proximate composition showed that pawpaw leaf meal
contained 25.89% crude protein, crude fibre 10.34%, ether extract 1.00, ash 15.66% and nitrogen free
extract 47.11%. The result showed that all haematological indices were significantly (p<0.05)
influenced by the inclusion of pawpaw leaf meal (PPLM), except for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin
(MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The mean packed cell,
haemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and heterophils increased with increased in dietary
PPLM. It is concluded that pawpaw leaf meal the PPLM which is high in crude protein, ash and crude
fibre though low in ether extract, can support and improve the health status of broiler finisher birds.
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED CASSAVA ROOT-LEAF-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PROTEASE ENZYME
Authors:
Binuyo, O. A., Jegede, A. V., Oluwatosin, O. O., Abioja, M. O. and Ekunseitan, D. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 613 – 616
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PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED CASSAVA ROOT-LEAF-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH PROTEASE ENZYME
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens fed cassava root-leaf-based
diets supplemented with protease enzyme. Fresh cassava roots and leaves (TME 419) were harvested,
sun-dried, and milled to create CRLM. Four experimental diets were formulated, with varying levels of
maize replacement by CRLM (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%), and supplemented with a protease enzyme
(CIBENZA DP100). The performance of broiler chickens fed these diets was assessed over 21 days
using 200-day old unsexed Ross broiler chicks. The birds were allotted into 4 dietary groups in a
Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The final weight showed no significant (P>0.05) differences.
Birds on CRLM+P diets showed reduced feed intake, particularly in the 45% CRLM+P group. Feed
conversion ratios (FCR) improved in the CRLM+P diets compared to the control diet. In conclusion,
replacing a portion of maize with up to 45% CRLM in broiler chicken diets, supplemented with protease
enzyme, can be a viable strategy to reduce production costs without compromising performance.
EFFECTS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL ON HAEMOTOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF JAPANESE QUAILS
Authors:
Inuwa, I., Omage, J. J., Onimisi, P. A., Shehu, F.N., Adamu, J.L and Kperun, T.N.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 608 – 612
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EFFECTS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL ON HAEMOTOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF JAPANESE QUAILS
A study was conducted to evaluate the haematological and serum biochemical responses of Japanese
quails fed diets containing graded levels of pawpaw leaf meal (PLM) as a potential alternative protein
source. A total of 270 quails were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%
PLM) in a completely randomized design with three replicates each. Blood samples were analyzed for
haematological and biochemical indices at six weeks of age. Results showed significant (p0.05) affected. Cholesterol levels,
however, increased in birds fed diets containing 15 and 20% PLM. Creatinine values remained within
normal ranges, suggesting no impairment of liver or kidney function. In conclusion, pawpaw leaf meal
can be included up to 20% in quail diets without adverse effects on blood health, though higher inclusion
levels may elevate cholesterol.
INVESTIGATION OF DONKEYS’ CAECAL CONTENT AND/OR BLOOD MEAL AS A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTUFFS FOR BROILER PRODUCTION.
Authors:
Nwose, R. N., Nwose, D. I., Akinmutimi, A. H., Ojewola, G. S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 603 – 607
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INVESTIGATION OF DONKEYS’ CAECAL CONTENT AND/OR BLOOD MEAL AS A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTUFFS FOR BROILER PRODUCTION.
The quest to reduce the cost of meat production as well as to enhance productivity of animal products (eggs
and meat) for man consumptions has led to search for feed items that should be exploited in replacing
conventional energy and protein sources of feed in poultry ration. This study focused on the investigation
of cheaper and locally available alternative animal-by product particularly those that has no dietary values
to human as an alternative to protein feedstuffs. Donkey’s caecal content, donkey’s blood and mixture of
the caecal content and blood collected from the abattoir were mixed at a ratio of 3:1, and boiled separately
for 30 minutes. The three (3) feed ingredients were sun-dried separately on concrete floor for four (4) days
to about 12% moisture. The donkeys’ caecal meal (DCM), donkeys’ blood meal (DBM) and donkeys’
blood-caecal mixture (DBCM) were milled in a hammer mill and stored for mixing with other feed
ingredients for chemical analysis. All the parameters measured in proximate composition for donkey caecal
meal had higher values than other tests ingredients. The result of the DBM was best since it reduced the
anti-nutritional factor to 0.00%. The macro and micro minerals recorded highest values of sodium and iron
in the DBM. The result of fibre fractions of the DCM recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher values
(61.48%, 50.61% and 13.54%) for NDF, ADF and ADL than others respectively. All the parameters
measured in macro mineral, micro mineral and anti-nutritional factors of DBM showed to be superior to
others. This study concluded that the crude protein content of donkeys’ blood meal (DBM) was 80.03 %
while that of donkeys’ blood-caecal meal (DBCM) was 27.73 %, hence, DBM can serve as a viable potential
alternative protein source.
GROWTH RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIETS CONTAINING PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL AT STARTER PHASE
Authors:
Bot, M.H., Tiffi, A.B. Ajimohun, F.F., Aliyu, I.P., Olaiya, D.O. Zungum, A.G. and Mohammed, S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 599 – 602
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GROWTH RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS FED DIETS CONTAINING PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL AT STARTER PHASE
This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf meal (PLM) as an
alternative protein source in the diets of broiler chicks during the starter phase. A total of ninety-six-dayold broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a Completely Randomized Design
(CRD). The treatments consisted of a control diet (T1) with 0% PLM and experimental diets containing
PLM at inclusion levels of 4.5% (T2), 6.0% (T3), and 7.5% (T4). The experiment lasted for two weeks,
with feed and water provided ad libitum. Results on growth performance indicated no significant
differences (P > 0.05) across all treatments for final body weight, total weight gain, daily feed intake, and
feed conversion ratio. Notably, the 7.5% inclusion level yielded the highest numerical weight gain
(665.67g) and the lowest feed cost per kg gain (₦661.65). The study concludes that pawpaw leaf meal can
be incorporated into broiler starter diets at levels up to 7.5% without adversely affecting growth
performance, to offer a viable, cost-effective alternative feed ingredient to reduce production costs in
poultry farming.
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH MEAT AND BONE MEAL SUPPLEMENTED WITH LIMITING AMINO ACIDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors:
Bello. I. M., O. A. Adesehinwa, R. A. Adekola, A. Adeleye, B. A. Okunade, A. O. Fafiolu, B. A. Makanjuola.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 595 – 598
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EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH MEAT AND BONE MEAL SUPPLEMENTED WITH LIMITING AMINO ACIDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN
This study determined the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with meat and bone meal supplemented
with limiting amino acids on growth performance of broiler chickens, 240 day-old broiler chicks were allotted to 6
dietary treatments in a completely randomised design (CRD) with four replicates of 10 birds per replicate, resulting
in a total of 40 birds per treatment. The experimental diets were T1 (Soybean meal (+ve) control), T2 (Meat bone
meal (MBM) without supplement (-ve) control), T3 (Meat bone meal (MBM) + lysine), T4 (Meat bone meal (MBM)
+ methionine), T5 (Meat bone meal (MBM) + lysine + methionine), T6 (Meat bone meal (MBM) + limiting amino
acid). Growth parameters measured over six weeks included final body weight, weight gain, average daily gain,
feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The result shows that, the growth parameters were not significantly
(p > 0.05) influence by amino acid supplementation in meat and bone meal (MBM)-based diets. Final body weight
ranged from 1634.5 g (T6) to 1900.8 g (T5). The average daily weight gains were 43.76, 43.12, 42.02, 42.07, 44.22
and 37.88 g in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Feed intake varied between 2870.2 g (T2) and 3017.9 g (T1),
while the FCR ranged from 1.58 and 1.84 in T2 and T6 respectively. It was concluded that 10% MBM can partially
replace SBM in broiler chicken’s diets without compromising performance, provided amino acid is appropriately
balanced.
PHYTO-ADDITIVES EFFECTS OF Artocarpus LEAF MEALS ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Fatoki, H.O, Ojebiyi, O.O., Fasina, F. B., Olawale, S. O., Adegbenro, E. O. and Tewogbade, A. B.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 590 – 594
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PHYTO-ADDITIVES EFFECTS OF Artocarpus LEAF MEALS ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS
The global ban on antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feed, driven by antimicrobial resistance concerns, has
accelerated the adoption of phyto-additives. While these plant-based additives may naturally enhance poultry
health, there is insufficient information regarding their precise impact on carcass yield. Two hundred and fifty
two (252) Arbor Acre a-day-old broiler chickens were used to study the phyto-additive effect of breadnut and
breadfruit leaves on their growth performance at 6weeks. The birds were weighed and distributed into seven (7)
treatments of thirty-six (36) birds each, with four (4) replicates each involving two (2) different leaves of breadnut
(Artocarpus camansi) and breadfruit (Artocarpus artilis) at three (3) supplementation levels (Basal diet with 3, 6,
9g breadnut leaf meal and Basal diet with 3, 6, 9g breadfruit leaf meal per kg of feed) in a 2 by 3 factorial
arrangement with a control. The data collected on carcass characteristics were analyzed using one way analysis
of variance. Results shows that Treatment 4 (9g breadnut leaf meal per kg of feed) had higher (p<0.05) relative
eviscerated and relative carcass weight value (80.05 and 74.21% respectively) while T1 had lowest relative
eviscerated and relative carcass weight value (73.63 and 67.22% respectively). Relative breast meat weight and
thigh weight (25.49 and 12.21% respectively) was (p<0.05) higher in broiler chicken fed 9g breadnt leaf meal
(T4) supplementation. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of 9g breadnut leaf meal per kg of diet
improve the relative eviscerated weight, carcass weight and breast meat weight of broiler chickens without the
use of synthetic antibiotics.
THE USE OF PURGE NUT (Jatropha curcas) AND BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amygdalina) AS PHYTOGENIC ADDITIVES ON CARCASS AND ORGAN WEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Adetola, O.O., Orimogunje, A.A., Adewumi, M.O., Ijadunola, T.I. and Ajekiigbe, D.A
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 584 – 589
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THE USE OF PURGE NUT (Jatropha curcas) AND BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amygdalina) AS PHYTOGENIC ADDITIVES ON CARCASS AND ORGAN WEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS
Growing concern about antibiotic growth promoters in animal nutrition and its health implication to
consumers of poultry products has initiated efforts towards use of alternative growth promoting agents
especially medicinal plants. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of Jatropha curcas and Vernonia
amygdalina as phytogenic additives on carcass and organ weight of broiler chickens. A total of two-hundred
and fifty- two (252) day old broiler chicks were allocated to twelve treatment groups in a 2x2x3 factorial
arrangement. There were twenty- one chicks in each treatment with three replicates of seven birds each in
a Completely Randomized Design experiment for a period of 42 days. The factorial layout is such that two
(2) herbs (Purge nut & Bitter leaf), two (2) media of extraction (hot water & ethanol) and three (3) inclusion
levels (0,10 & 20ml per litre of water) were used. At the end of the feeding trial, one bird from each replicate
making three per treatment were fasted overnight and severe for carcass and organ analysis. Result revealed
that Significant difference (P 0.05) influence across
the treatment. Conclusively, the use of medicinal plants as phytogenic additives can improve carcass yield
and organ weight of broiler chickens.
Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens on Oral Administration of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus, mill.) Fruit Extract
Authors:
Olatunbosun, O. B., Adesope, A. I., Ayoola, A. A., Abiona, J. A., Odutayo, O. J., Daini, O. E., Eletu T. A., Ibrahim, O. W. and Sogunle, O. M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 580 – 583
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Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens on Oral Administration of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentus, mill.) Fruit Extract
One hundred and ninety-two (192) unsexed day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in a 42-day
trial to investigate the effect of oral administration of tomato fruit extract (TFE) on antioxidant status
of broiler chickens. The birds were weighed and randomly allotted into four treatment groups (0 ml/L
TFE, 10 ml/L TFE, 20 ml/L TFE and 30 ml/L TFE) comprising 48 birds, replicated four times with 12
birds each in a completely randomized design. Birds on 0 ml/L were given antibiotics while birds in
other groups were administered 10 ml, 20 ml and 30 ml tomato fruit extract (TFE) per litre of fresh
clean water thrice weekly on every other day at weeks 1, 2 and 5 of the experiment. Blood samples were
collected on the 42nd day to determine the antioxidant status of the birds. Data were subjected to Oneway Analysis of Variance and significant (P0.05). However, superoxide dismutase activity was
significantly (P<0.05) elevated in birds on oral administration of 20 ml/L (1.90 U/L) and 30 ml (2.05
U/L) TFE compared with the birds on 0 ml/L (0.41 U/L) and 10 ml/L (0.54 U/L). The study concluded
that oral administration of tomato fruit enhanced superoxide dismutase activity, suggesting a potential
role in oxidative stress reduction in broiler chickens. The study recommends that up to 30ml/L of tomato
fruit extract should be used to alleviate oxidative stress in broiler chickens.
EVALUATION OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE INDICES IN BROILER CHICKENS FED GRADED LEVELS OF Pleurotus tuber-regium SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors:
Dim, C.E., Iregbu, C.M-F., Nwankwo, C.A., & Nwagu, C.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 576 – 579
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EVALUATION OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE INDICES IN BROILER CHICKENS FED GRADED LEVELS OF Pleurotus tuber-regium SUPPLEMENTATION
This study investigated the effect of Pleurotus tuber-regium supplementation (PTS) on growth performance
of broiler chickens over eight weeks. A total of 120 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four
dietary treatment groups (T1: control, T2: 2%, T3: 4%, T4: 6% PTS) in a completely randomized design
with three replicates per treatment. Birds were fed respective diets during starter (weeks 1–4) and finisher
(weeks 5–8) phases. Growth parameters were measured and statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA
with significance set at p0.05) in all growth parameters
except feed cost per kilogram gain, which was higher in PTS groups during the starter phase. At the finisher
phase, average daily feed intake and weight gain were highest in the 4% PTS group. These results indicate
that Pleurotus tuber-regium supplementation up to 4% does not impair growth, and may optimize intake
and gain at moderate levels.
EFFECT OF PHYTOBIOTIC PLANTS IN NUTRITION AND PERFORMANCE INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS: A REVIEW
Authors:
Ndukwu, E.C. and Orindu, A. N.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 571 – 575
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EFFECT OF PHYTOBIOTIC PLANTS IN NUTRITION AND PERFORMANCE INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS: A REVIEW
The aim of this review was to evaluate the potentials of phytobiotic plants as feed additives and
alternative to antibiotics in broiler chicken nutrition to increase production of animal protein products
with reduced cost of producton . Recent ban on the use of antibiotics in animal production as a result of
growing problem of microbial resistance and threat to human health has made phytobiotic based
research becomes a major option for alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) for
Researchers and Farmers to enhance Broiler chicken perfrmance in terms of growth, meat quality, and
health status. However, nutritional and medicinal relevance of some phytobiotic plants in Broiler
nutrition were reviewed to acertain their potentials as alternative to AGPs. These phytobiotics includes,
Chaya plant, Garlic, Ginger, Turmeric, Guinea hen weed and Bitter leaf. These plants contain bioactive
constituents (phenolic compounds) and phytobioactivity properties which are responsible for their
nutritional and medicinal benefits for improved Bodyweight gain, FCR, low mortality rate as well as
improved haemalogical parameters such as WBC, PCV and Platelet. It was concluded that it is the onus
of Animal Nutritionists to promote Phytobiotic usage in broiler nutrition to enhance performance of
Broiler chicken.
Effect of Selected Culinary Ingredients on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chicken
Authors:
Abdurrauf-Babalola, A. A., Ibrahim, Z. M. and Olaniyan, A. C.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 568 – 570
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Effect of Selected Culinary Ingredients on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Broiler Chicken
The growth performance and carcass qualities of one hundred and twenty (120) day old Ross strain of
broiler chicken given aqueous extracts of pooled selected culinary ingredients (bitter leaf bryophyllum,
garlic, and tomato) were assessed for forty-two (42) days. The aqueous extract was obtained by infusion
of 50g of the pooled culinary ingredients in one (1) liter of boiled water for twelve (12) hours. Using a
completely randomized experimental design, the birds were randomly assigned to four (4) treatment
groups, each with three replicates of ten birds (10). Varying levels of the aqueous extract were added
to their drinking water as; treatments T1 (0ml), T2 (10ml), T3 (15ml) and T4 (20ml) each per litre of
water. The results revealed significant differences (P ˂0.05) in Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and
Feed Conversion Ratios (FCR) with T2 having the least (59.17g, 1.33). The carcass quality favoured
T3 with the eviscerated weight (P ˂0.05) having the highest value (1432.00g), carcass weight
(1319.00g), and breast weight (447.67g), T2 had the list while other parameters followed a similar trend.
It was concluded that the aqueous extract of the culinary ingredients can be added in water at 10mls to
enable nutrient utilization of feed and at 15ml to enhance quality carcass.
EFFECT OF NEGRO PEPPER (Xylopia aethiopica) AS A FEED ADDITIVE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FINISHER BROILERS
Authors:
Moses O., Efuruibe B.E., Eze D.U., and Uzegbu H.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 564 – 567
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EFFECT OF NEGRO PEPPER (Xylopia aethiopica) AS A FEED ADDITIVE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FINISHER BROILERS
A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the response of Finisher broiler chickens fed diets
supplemented with Negro Pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) as natural feed additive. A total of 150 four weeks
Ross broiler chickens were allotted randomly to five dietary treatments each replicated thrice, in a
completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 chicks per replicate. Xylopia aethiopicawas included at 0,
100g, 200g, 300g, 400g /100 Kg diet for T1-T5. Proximate analysis of Xylopia aethiopica and the
experimental feed was carried out. Feed and water were given ad-libitum throughout the experimental
period. All data collected for growth performance were subjected to analysis of variance and significant
differences among treatment means were compared using the Duncan multiple test of significance. The
results showed birds on the 300g Xylopia aethiopica had significantly (P<0.05) higher final weight
(3033.20g), weight gain (1869.00g) and better feed conversion ratio (2.42) than other treatments. Feed
intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher for the control than for birds on Xylopia aethiopica. It is
concluded that Xylopia aethiopica significantly improved growth of broiler chickens, and gives better
feed conversion ratio. Xylopia aethiopica can be used as a natural feed additive in Broiler Chicken
Production.
Effect of Aqueous Gmelina arborea Leaf Extract on the Performance Characteristics and Haematological indices of Broiler Chickens
Authors:
Yahaya, M. O., Saka, A. A., Banjoko, O.J., Bankole, T. O and Odetola, O.M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 559 – 563
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Effect of Aqueous Gmelina arborea Leaf Extract on the Performance Characteristics and Haematological indices of Broiler Chickens
A six-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous Gmelina arborea leaf extract (AGALE)
on the performance characteristics and haematological indices of broiler chickens. A total of 120 Arbor
Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four treatment groups of 30 birds each consisting of 10
birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. All birds were fed same diet while the treatment
groups received daily oral administration of 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mL AGALE through their drinking water.
Data collected on growth performance and haematological indices were subjected to one-way analysis of
variance at 5% level of significance. Results indicated that AGALE significantly (P0.05) on most parameters, except the white
blood cell (WBC) count and heterophil concentration. Birds supplemented with 2.5 mL AGALE recorded
the highest WBC count (27.85 × 10³/µL), while the lowest value (12.50 × 10³/µL) was observed in the 7.5
mL group. Similarly, heterophil concentration was significantly (P<0.05) highest in birds administered 2.5
mL AGALE (53.50%), compared with birds on 0 mL (18.00%), 5 mL (20.00%), and 7.5 mL (18.00%)
AGALE groups, which had statistically similar values. It can be concluded that broiler chickens
administered 2.5 mL AGALE had enhanced growth performance and optimized immune function.
HISTOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF INTERNAL ORGANS OF BROILER CHICKEN FED RAW AND TREATED TEAK SEED MEALS
Authors:
Oganija, K.Y., Annongu, A.A., Aremu, J.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 556 – 558
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HISTOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF INTERNAL ORGANS OF BROILER CHICKEN FED RAW AND TREATED TEAK SEED MEALS
A six weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the histological responses of internal organs
of broiler chicken fed raw and treated teak seed meal (TSM) as replacement for maize bran. Four
diets were used for the experiment. T1 was the control, T2 was (raw) TSM, T3 was (boiled) TSM,
and T4 was (fermented) TSM. A total of two hundred (200) day old broiler chicks were randomly
arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) with four dietary treatments, each with five (5)
replicates. Each replicate contained (10) birds. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum throughout
the period of the study. Result of this study showed that birds on fermented teak seed meal performed
better than other treatment groups and compared favorably with the control group followed by those
on boiled teak seed meal group at 3.75% level of inclusion
PERCEIVED CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS OF POULTRY FARMERS IN SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE
Authors:
Buba, W.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 553 – 555
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PERCEIVED CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS OF POULTRY FARMERS IN SABON GARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE
This study examined the perceived effects of climate change among poultry farmers in SabonGari Local
Government Area (LGA), Kaduna State, Nigeria. SabonGari lies within the Guinea Savannah ecological
zone, characterized by dry and semi-arid conditions with marked wet and dry seasons. Data were obtained
from 125 poultry farmers selected through purposive and random sampling across three wards (Samaru,
Dogarawa, and Basawa). A structured questionnaire was administered, and descriptive statistics were
employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that 46.4% of respondents perceived high to very high
increases in temperature, while 38.4% reported high rainfall variability. About 33.6% perceived water
scarcity as high or very high, and 46.4% recognized droughts as significant threats. Disease outbreaks
were reported as a serious climate-induced risk by 40.8% of respondents, while 46.4% noted that climate
change adversely affected feed quality. These perceptions align with recent scientific evidence of
temperature variability, rainfall fluctuation, water scarcity, and increased disease risks in poultry systems
within the area. The study recommends climate-smart interventions such as improved housing systems,
efficient water management, adoption of resilient feed sources, and enhanced biosecurity practices to
mitigate climate change impacts on poultry production.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FAT DEPOSITION IN EARLY WEANED PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA PEEL
Authors:
Makanjuola B. A., Dunmade A. S., Boladuro B. A., Adesehinwa O. A., Moreki J. C., Fafiolu A. O. and Adesehinwa A. O. K.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 549 – 552
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FAT DEPOSITION IN EARLY WEANED PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING HIGH QUALITY CASSAVA PEEL
Early weaning is a nutritionally demanding phase in pig production that requires use of quality feed
resources. In many developing countries, the rising cost of conventional feed ingredients has prompted
interest in alternative feedstuff. This study investigated the effect of replacing maize with High Quality
Cassava Peel (HQCP) on the growth performance of early weaned piglets. Eighteen (18) early weaned
piglets with average initial weight of 7.33 ± 0.42 kg were assigned to three dietary treatments in a
completely randomized design: T1 (control), T2 (15% HQCP) and T3 (30% HQCP) with three (3) replicates
of two (2) piglets each. The trial lasted 42 days during which feed intake and weight gain were monitored.
There were no significant (p<0.05) differences in all performance parameters measured across all
experimental treatments. Piglets fed the control diet (T1) had a final weight of 36.83 kg while those on T2
and T3 had final weights of 37.41 kg and 36.91 kg respectively. Total weight gain ranged from 29.58 kg
(T3) to 29.91 kg (T2). Average daily feed intake values were 1.14, 1.13 and 1.15 kg for the pigs on T1, T2
and T3 respectively. Feed conversion ratio varied from 2.65 (T1) to 2.78 (T3). The back fat thickness was
significantly (P<0.05) lower in pigs on T1 (10.40 mm) compared to 9.44 mm in control (T1). The study
revealed that early weaned pigs tolerated HQCP-based diets without adverse effects on performance with
back fat deposition within commercially acceptable limits.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY LEVELS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NOILER BIRDS
Authors:
Osaro, G.O., Bernard K., Okuna, R., Ilaboya, I. I., Imouokhome, J. I., and Oyedeji, J. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 545 – 548
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THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY LEVELS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NOILER BIRDS
Noiler chickens are becoming increasingly popular, yet detailed information about their specific nutritional
needs remains limited. This study examined the effects of different crude protein (CP) levels, metabolizable
energy (ME), and their combination on the performance and nutrient utilization of Noiler chickens. A total
of 144-day-old Noiler birds were randomly assigned to a 2 × 4 factorial design with two energy levels (2700
and 2900 kcal ME/kg DM) and four CP levels (15, 17, 19, and 21%). Eighteen chicks were assigned to each
diet, with three replicate groups of six chicks. The initial weights of the chicks in each pen were recorded
before starting the experiment. Feed and water were provided freely throughout the study. All data were
analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design with a 2×4 factorial
arrangement, and the means were separated using Tukey’s HSD test in SAS. Results showed no significant
differences (P<0.05) in dietary energy levels at final weight, feed intake, FCR, or energy × CP interactions
at different levels. Noiler chicks fed with 15% CP are recommended because they exhibited better final
weight, body weight gain, and FCR.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED ROSELLE SEED MEAL (Hibiscus sabdariffa) ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Ubua, J.A., Aboluja, A.B., Machoko, R.J.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 541 – 543
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INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED ROSELLE SEED MEAL (Hibiscus sabdariffa) ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS
This study investigated the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens to differently processed Roselle
(Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed meal (RSM). The study lasted eight weeks with 180 day - old chicks (Arbor
Acre) used. The chicks were randomly allotted to five treatment groups, comprising 36 birds per
treatment, replicated thrice with 12 birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Five
experimental diets were formulated with differently processed RSM (Sun dried, boiled, soaked, toasted
and soaked/boiled). Carcass characteristics were assessed. Carcass characteristics showed significant
(P<0.05) effect for all parameters assesses with T5 (soaking and boiling) recording the highest values of
1,423.67, 1,282.44, 1,113.03 and 1,022.00 g for live, plucked, eviscerated and carcass weights
respectively with 71.70% dressing percentage. The carcass characteristics of broiler chickens to
differently processed RSM showed improved response with T5 (soaking and boiling) based on the
results of the parameters measured. Thus, revealing that nutrient availability and digestibility was
adequately enhanced with combined feed processing methods.
Growth performance and protein utilization efficiency of broiler finisher chickens fed low-protein diets with acidifier supplementation
Authors:
Aguihe, P.C., Lekene, B., Ekunke, U.R., Ogialekhe P., Komolafe, P. L., Jeje, C. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 536 – 540
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Growth performance and protein utilization efficiency of broiler finisher chickens fed low-protein diets with acidifier supplementation
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of acidifier supplementation to low
crude protein diet (LCPD) on growth performance, and efficiency of protein utilization by broiler finisher
chickens (28 to 56 days old). A total of 240, 28-day old Arbor acre broilers chicks were randomly distributed
into five dietary treatments of 4 replicates with 12 birds each in a completely randomized design. Five
isocaloric diets were formulated to comprise T1: positive control (20% CP), T2: negative control (LCPD of
17% CP), T3, T4 and T5 contained LCPD + 100, 200 and 300 g/kg acidifier supplementation, respectively.
The result showed that average weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency
ratio (PER) were significantly affected (p0.05) was found in average feed intake and nitrogen retention of the birds. The AWG and
FCR of the birds were improved (p<0.05) among the groups fed acidifier supplemented LCPD and control
diets than the birds fed LCPD without acidifier supplementation. The PER was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed
diet T4 and similar with those on diet T3 and T5 than those fed positive control diet and LCPD. In
conclusion, dietary reduction of CP level from 20% to 17% with acidifier supplementation up to 300 mg/kg
improved performance and protein utilization in broiler finisher chickens.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETARY SESAME SEED (Sesamum indicum) MEAL BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH YIDUOZYME®
Authors:
Unwana A. Ukpanah and Meyene E. Thompson
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 532 – 535
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETARY SESAME SEED (Sesamum indicum) MEAL BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH YIDUOZYME®
A study was conducted to determine the growth performance of broiler chicken fed dietary Sesame
(Sesamum indicum) seed meal diets supplemented with Yiduozyme®. Ninety-six-day-old broiler
chickens were distributed into four treatments (24 birds per treatment), each treatment was
replicated three times with eight birds per replicate, in a completely randomized design. The birds
were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments consisting of 0, 5, 10 and 15% of sesame seed
meal for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with Yiduozyme at
0.5g/100kg per treatment. The chickens were raised on a deep liter floor and all necessary
management practices were adhered to strictly throughout the trial., The study lasted for 28 days
and all the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant
means were separated using the Duncan’s Multiple Range test. Parameters recorded were initial
weight, final weight, daily weight gain, daily feed intake feed conversion ratio and mortality.
Results showed that T1 and T2 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than T3 and T4 in average final
live weight, and daily weight gain. The outstanding performance of the broiler chicken in this
study can be attributed to the contribution of Yiduozyme which promoted nutrient utilization and
subsequent improvement of body weight gain. The supplementation of Yiduozyme enhanced
better nutrient utilization in broiler finisher chickens, inclusion is therefore recommended at 0.50g
per 100kg diet.
CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNAAB ALPHA BROILER CHICKENS TO GRADED LEVELS OF ALLIGATOR PEPPER (Aframomum melegueta) SEED MEAL
Authors:
L. O. Onogwu, C. P. Njoku, E. A. Adeyeye and R.A, Sobayo
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 528 – 531
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CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNAAB ALPHA BROILER CHICKENS TO GRADED LEVELS OF ALLIGATOR PEPPER (Aframomum melegueta) SEED MEAL
Alligator pepper (Aframomum melegueta) seed meal (APSM) was included in the basal diets of 150
day old FUNAAB Alpha broiler chickens as phytogenic feed additives at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g/kg
allotted as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 diet respectively in a 56 day feeding trial. Results revealed significant
(P < 0.05) differences in kidney, empty gizzard, liver, spleen, abdominal fat, and gall bladder weights,
while the heart, lungs, and proventriculus were not affected. Carcass characteristics such as live weight,
eviscerated weight and dressed yield were not significantly affected, but numerically higher eviscerated
weight was observed in birds fed 0.5g/kg and 1.0g/kg APSM based diet. Prime cuts (head, neck, breast,
back, wings, thigh, drumstick and shank) were also not significantly affected. Birds fed 1.5 g/kg APSM
had the lowest gizzard (51.60 g) and liver (22.57 g) weights, whereas the highest values were obtained
in the control (60.99 g and 30.91 g, respectively). Kidney weight was significantly higher (10.25 g) at
1.5 g/kg APSM compared with the least value (6.25 g) at 0.5 g/kg. Spleen weight was highest in the
control group (2.74 g) but reduced across APSM-fed groups. Abdominal fat was markedly decreased at
1.5 g/kg (12.24 g) compared to control (30.01 g), suggesting fat-sparing effects of APSM. Gall bladder
weight peaked at 2.0 g/kg (3.24 g) but was lowest at 1.5 g/kg (1.77 g). In conclusion, APSM at 0.5g/kg
and 1.0g/kg dietary inclusion supported balanced organ development, while higher levels (1.5 g/kg and
2.0 g/kg) reduced abdominal fat and organ weights, indicating physiological adaptations to the bioactive
compounds present in alligator pepper.
DIETARY EFFECT OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN BROILER CHICKENS EXPOSED TO AFLATOXIN B1
Authors:
Ojo, R.O. & Alausa, O. J.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 524 – 527
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DIETARY EFFECT OF VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN BROILER CHICKENS EXPOSED TO AFLATOXIN B1
One hundred and ninety-two chicks were acclimatized for two weeks, after which the birds were randomly
assigned to four treatments: T1 (basal diet + 35 µg aflatoxins + 10 g vitamin A/kg feed), T2 (basal diet +
35 µg aflatoxins + 15 g vitamin A/kg feed), T3 (basal diet + 35 µg aflatoxins without vitamin A), and T4
(basal diet without aflatoxins and vitamin A) the feeding trial lasted for three weeks. Each treatment
consisted of three replicates with sixteen birds each. Growth performance parameters including initial
weight, final weight, body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI), average daily
feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. The results revealed significant
differences (p < 0.05) in FI and ADFI, while other parameters showed no significant differences (p > 0.05)
among treatments. T4 (positive control) and T1 (aflatoxin + 10 g vitamin A) recorded higher BWG (946.3
g and 918.9 g, respectively) compared to T2 and T3. Feed intake was higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2
compared to T3 and T4, whereas feed conversion ratio was more efficient in the positive control (T4; 2.03)
and the vitamin A-supplemented aflatoxin diet (T1; 2.13). This finding suggests dietary vitamin A at 10
g/kg feed may have a potential mitigating effect against aflatoxin B1, although not statistically significant
for growth parameters. Further studies with larger sample sizes, additional physiological parameters and
longer feeding periods are recommended for a definitive conclusion.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISITICS OF EGG-TYPE CHICKENS FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH CHELATED ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL BLENDS AT THE CHICK AND GROWER PHASES
Authors:
ORIMOGUNJE A. A., ADETOLA, O. O., OLANLOYE, S. A., ORAKWE. S., AWOYINKA, O. F. BABATUNDE, S. Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 520 – 523
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISITICS OF EGG-TYPE CHICKENS FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH CHELATED ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL BLENDS AT THE CHICK AND GROWER PHASES
Trace minerals commonly used in poultry are supplied by inorganic salts, and they have low bioavailability
because they can form complexes with other nutrients in the gut. A 18 weeks experiment was conducted to
evaluate the effects of diet supplemented with chelated organic trace mineral blends on the performance
characteristics of egg-type chickens at both chick and grower phases. The experiment involved a total of
five hundred (500) one- day old pullet chicks randomly allotted to five (5) dietary treatments consisting of
positive control, recommended level of inorganic trace minerals in the premix 16, 64, 64 mg/kg of Cu,
Zn and Mn (T1), negative control, basal diet with 0.0, 0.0,0.0 mg/kg of Cu, Zn and Mn i.e. premix free
of Cu, Zn and Mn (T2), diets with 16, 64, 64 mg/kg of chelated Cu, Zn and Mn, 100% higher than the
manufacturer’s recommendation (T3), diets with 8, 32, 32 mg/kg of chelated Cu, Zn and Mn, at the
manufacturer’s recommendation (T4) and diets with 4, 16, 16 mg/kg of chelated Cu, Zn and Mn at 100%
lower than the manufacturer’s recommendation (T5) respectively. Each treatments was replicated ten times
with 10 birds per replicate. Growth performance characteristics were evaluated as response criteria in the
experiment. All data obtained were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance in a Completely
Randomized Design. At the chick and grower phases, the FCR was greatly improved even at the least feed
intake. A significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain was also recorded at the grower phase. The study
concluded that supplementation of chelated trace mineral blends at 100% higher than manufacturer’s
recommended level in the diets of egg-type chickens resulted in an improved FCR at the least feed intake.
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED COOKED FLAMBOYANT (Delonix regia) SEED MEAL AS A REPLAEMENT FOR GROUNDNUT CAKE
Authors:
Alhassan, I. Danlami, Ari, M. Maikano, Ehiedu B. N., Haruna, H.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 516 – 519
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HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED COOKED FLAMBOYANT (Delonix regia) SEED MEAL AS A REPLAEMENT FOR GROUNDNUT CAKE
A 56 days experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cooked flamboyant seed meal as a replacement
for groundnut cake on haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. A total of 160-day old
broiler chickens of similar live weight were utilized in four treatments namely T1 (0%) serves as the control
diet, T2 (15%), T3 (30%), and T4 (45%). Broiler chicken diets were compounded to be iso-caloric and isonitrogenous (3000kcal/ME and 23%CP) with cooked flamboyant seed meal replacing groundnut cake at 0,
15, 30 and 45%. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. Each treatment was
replicated 4 times having 10 birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided to the birds daily and all
standard routine management practices were strictly observed throughout the experimental period. At the
end of the feeding trial, Blood samples were collected after slaughtering the birds at the 56 day of the
experiment and evaluated for their haematological and serum biochemical indices. The result showed no
significant (p>0.05) variations in both haematology and serum biochemical parameters measured for
broiler chickens under cooked flamboyant seed meal included diets. It was concluded that cooked
flamboyant seed meal should be included in the diets of broiler chikens without any negative effect in their
blood functions.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION MEDIA AND INCLUSION LEVELS OF PURGE NUT (Jatropha curcas) LEAF AND BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amgdalina) ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS.
Authors:
Adewumi, M.O., Bankole, T.O., Adetola, O.O. and Abubakar, Sule
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 511 – 515
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EFFECT OF EXTRACTION MEDIA AND INCLUSION LEVELS OF PURGE NUT (Jatropha curcas) LEAF AND BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amgdalina) ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS.
The study investigated oral administration of purge nut (Jatropha curcas) JPA and bitter leaf (Vernonia
amygdalina) BL extracts on growth response of broiler chickens. A total of two-hundred and fifty- two
(252) day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to twelve treatment groups in a 2x2x3 factorial
arrangement. There were twenty- one chicks in each treatment with three replicates of seven birds each in
a Completely Randomized Design experiment for a period of 42 days. The factorial layout is such that 2
herbs (Purge nut leaf & Bitter leaf), 2 media of extraction (hot water & ethanol) and 3 inclusion levels (0,10
& 20ml per litre of water) were used. Data were collected on growth parameters such as feed intake, weight
gain, water intake and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Result revealed that significant differences
(P<0.05) were observed for final weight, weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (ADWG), average
daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The highest final weight (2538.90 g/b) was
recorded at 0 mL inclusion, while the lowest (2424.81 g/b) occurred at 20 mL For herb types, JPA recorded
the highest WG (2479.20 g) and ADWG (59.03 g/b/d), while BL showed the lowest (2397.40 g and
57.08 g/b/d, respectively). Extraction methods showed no significant effect. ADFI peaked at 20 mL
(94.30 g/b/d) and was lowest at 0 mL (89.57 g/b/d). FCR ranged from 1.51 (0 mL) to 1.66 (20 mL),
indicating better efficiency at 0 mL inclusion. It can be concluded that inclusion of JPA at lower level had
a significant influence of the growth of broiler chickens irrespective of the method of extraction.
PERFORMANCE AND GUT HEALTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING PROCESSED CASSAVA PEEL MEAL
Authors:
Adebowale, T.O. and Adebeso, Z.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 507 – 510
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PERFORMANCE AND GUT HEALTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING PROCESSED CASSAVA PEEL MEAL
The rising cost of conventional feed ingredients has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives that
can maintain broiler performance, reduce production costs, and promote environmental sustainability. This
study investigated the performance and gut-health responses of broiler chickens to the dietary replacement
of maize with processed cassava peel meal (high quality cassava peel meal, HQCP), included at 20% during
the starter phase and at 100% replacement during the finisher phase. Two hundred Arbor Acres Plus broiler
chickens were allotted to two dietary treatments on a weight-equalized basis. The maize–soybean meal
control diet and the HQCP based diet were formulated to meet the recommended nutrient requirements of
the birds. At the starter phase, birds fed the control maize-based diet recorded significantly higher body
weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p0.05) between dietary treatments. However, FCR and feed intake were lower in the maize-fed birds
(p<0.05). Importantly, jejunal necrosis was observed in birds receiving the HQCP-based diet, indicating
residual anti-nutritional factors despite processing. In conclusion, processed cassava peel meal
demonstrates potential as a sustainable alternative to maize in finisher broiler diets without compromising
growth performance. Its successful utilization, however, depends on effective processing to reduce antinutritional factors and on strategic phase-feeding approaches to safeguard early growth.
Carcass Trait and Meat Color of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Rice Bran Meal
Authors:
Tolulope O. Adebowale
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 503 – 506
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Carcass Trait and Meat Color of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Rice Bran Meal
The rising cost of maize, the principal energy source in poultry diets, necessitates the evaluation of
alternative feedstuffs that can support growth performance and carcass quality while reducing feed costs.
This study investigated the effects of partial replacement of maize with rice bran on growth performance,
carcass traits, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 200 Arbor Acres Plus broiler chicks were
randomly assigned to two dietary treatments on a weight-equalization basis. Treatment 1 served as the
maize-based control diet, while in Treatment 2, 10% of maize in T1 was replaced with rice bran at the
starter phase and 30% at the finisher phase. Results showed no significant differences in live weight,
slaughter weight, defeathered weight, and whole carcass yield between the control and rice bran-fed groups
(p>0.05), indicating that maize replacement did not compromise growth or dressing percentage. However,
significant differences were observed in certain cut-up parts. Birds fed rice bran had higher breast (p<0.05)
and back weights, while control-fed birds had higher neck and chest weights (p<0.05). Meat color was also
influenced by rice bran inclusion, with significant increases in redness (a, a*) and yellowness (b, b*)
compared to the control, suggesting enhanced pigmentation, while lightness (L, L*) remained unaffected.
In conclusion, dietary inclusion of rice bran (10% and 30% replacement at starter and finisher phase,
respectively) effectively replaced part of the maize without adverse effects on carcass yield, while
improving breast meat yield and meat color attributes.
Proximate composition of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) powder as phytogenic feed additives
Authors:
Muhammad, A. A., Olorunsanya, A. O., Stef, L., Julean, C., Pascalau, R., Nicula, M., Obistioiu, D., Oarga, D., Stefi, B., Zoican, C., Ibrahim, S. L., and Salisu, S. G.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 499 – 502
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Proximate composition of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) powder as phytogenic feed additives
This study evaluated the proximate composition of clove bud powder (CBP) and black seed powder (BSP)
as phytogenic feed additives. Clove buds and black seeds were purchased from the metropolitan market in
Kano state, Nigeria. Healthy and mature buds of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and black seed (Nigella
sativa) were cleaned and air dried in a ventilated drying oven. The samples were ground using laboratory
hammer mill into a fine powder. Results showed that CBP had the highest ash content (5.56 %) with BSP
recorded the lowest (4.32 %). Meanwhile, the highest moisture content (9.66 %), lipid (36.67 %) and protein
content (19.96 %) were observed in BSP with CBP recording the lowest (8.66 %), (13.00 %), (7.89 %)
respectively. It was concluded that both CBP and BSP could be used as phytogenic feed additives so as to
improve the animals’ health, growth performance and milk quality.
UNCONVENTIONAL FEEDSTOCK SUPPLEMENTED WITH ORANGE-PEELS ENHANCED BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY AND FLESH DEPOSIT
Authors:
Adedire, A. O., Ogunnubi, F., Gbolahan, M., Fadunsi, S. and Adeyemo, O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 495 – 498
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UNCONVENTIONAL FEEDSTOCK SUPPLEMENTED WITH ORANGE-PEELS ENHANCED BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY AND FLESH DEPOSIT
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of orange peels as growth promoter additives in broiler
diet. 150 finisher broilers were used for the experiment. They were allotted to 5 treatments of 3 replicates
each and 10 birds per replicate. Unconventional feedstuffs such as sweet potato chips, BDG, plantain peels,
duck weed and shea butter caterpillar were used along with maize to formulate feed (3016 kcal/kgME and
25% CP). Growth performance was monitored during the experiment, digestibility was done at the last 7
days while carcass yield was evaluated at the last day of the experiment. Data collected were subjected to
ANOVA and the significant means was separated using Tukey’s HSD. The results showed that Birds on
T4 (5% fresh) had the highest final weight (3.27kg), daily weight gain (0.05kg/day), the best FCR (0.74),
slaughter weight (3.14kg), carcass weight dressing percentage and most of the cut parts. Inclusion level at
10% of fresh orange peels enhanced the digestibility of crude protein, ash and NFE. It can be concluded
from this experiment that inclusion level of fresh orange peels at 5% enhanced growth performance, flesh
deposit, digested crude fat better than other treatments, while inclusion level of fresh orange peel at 10%
enhanced digestibility of crude protein, ash and NFE.
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF ANDROPOGUN TECTORUM LEAF MEAL ON CARCASS AND ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Ikpe, J. N., Mbachu, M. U., Ahaotu, E. O., Abdullahi, J. and Simon-Ahaotu, V. C.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 491 – 494
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EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF ANDROPOGUN TECTORUM LEAF MEAL ON CARCASS AND ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS
The low productivity currently recorded in broiler production calls for avenues towards its
enhancement. Research was therefore conducted to investigate the carcass and organ characteristics of
finisher broiler chickens fed dietary inclusions of Andropogun tectorum leaf meal (ATLM). One
hundred and twenty Anak-2000 finisher broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments in a
completely randomized design (CRD), replicated three times. The experimental diets consisted of
ATLM added at levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% in treatments 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
The diets were fed ad-libitum for 28 days under deep litter system of management. After which, 3
broilers were randomly selected from each treatment for carcass and organ assessment. The results,
expressed as percentage of liveweight, showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in all the parameters
analysed except back, which had a higher value in the control. It was concluded that since back is not
among prime cuts in broiler, the inclusion of ATLM at up to 7.5% rates did not affect the carcass and
organ characteristics of finisher broiler chicken and therefore could be adopted in the formulation of
finisher broilers diets.
Growth Performance, Carcass traits, and Economic Implications of Replacing Soybean Meal with Moringa Leaf Meal in Japanese Quail Diets
Authors:
Ibrahim, I.K., Oladeji, D.D., Ademolue, O.R., Bamibe, T.O., Thompson, L.E., Adebowale, I., Muhammad, J.O., Ojo, C.A., Olasupo, T.D., Omologbe, A.D., Akinlade, O.O., Ndem, B.Y., Balogun, T.M. and Asipa, W.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 486 – 490
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Growth Performance, Carcass traits, and Economic Implications of Replacing Soybean Meal with Moringa Leaf Meal in Japanese Quail Diets
This study evaluated the effects of partially or completely replacing soybean meal (SBM) with
moringa leaf meal (MOLM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feed cost in Japanese
quail. A total of 60 unsexed quails with initial body weight of 22.7 g were randomly assigned to five
diets: T1 (20% SBM, 0% MOLM), T2 (15% SBM, 5% MOLM), T3 (10% SBM, 10% MOLM), T4
(5% SBM, 15% MOLM), and T5 (0% SBM, 20% MOLM) with 12 quails per treatment, replicated
four times in a Completely Randomized Design and study lasted for four weeks. The parameters
evaluated included growth performance, carcass yield and organ weights, and cost analysis. The
results showed that growth performance decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing MOLM
inclusion, particularly at 15–20%. Birds fed 5% MOLM had comparable performance to control,
whereas ≥10% inclusion depressed growth. Feed cost/kg declined as MOLM increased, but feed
conversion ratio (FCR) and cost per unit weight gain worsened. Carcass traits followed similar trends,
with lower dressing weight and breast yield at higher MOLM levels. The study therefore concluded
that MOLM can partially replace SBM in quail diets at up to 5% without adverse effects on
performance and profitability, while higher levels compromise growth efficiency despite lowering
feed cost.
ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS INTAKE IN LAYING HENS FED COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) BASED DIET
Authors:
A. A. Hassan, G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor, M. Abdulrashid, M. M. Getso, A. Musa, I. Abdullahi, U. A. Umar, A. A. Isa, and O. M. Daudu
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 481 – 485
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ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS INTAKE IN LAYING HENS FED COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) BASED DIET
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cocoyam-based diets processed by either boiling or sun
drying on anti-nutrient intake of laying hens. A total of 160 day old commercial chicks (Shika Brown)
were allotted to seven dietary treatments (n=20 birds per treatment) in a 2×3+1; 2 factorial arrangement: 2
factors (raw and boiled cocoyam), 3 levels (25, 50 and 75%) and 1 control (0%; n=40) in a completely
randomized design, with 80 chicks for raw sun dried (RS) cocoyam and 80 chicks for boiled sun dried
(BS) cocoyam. The cocoyam inclusion rates comprised 4 diets from RS and 4 from BS cocoyam, each
replacing maize at 0, 25, 50, and 75%. During the 12-months experimental period, the birds were given
feed based on their nutritional requirements and water ad libitum, routine vaccinations and medications
were administered appropriately. Data collected on anti nutritional factors (oxalate, phytate, tannin,
saponin, cyanide and hydrogen cyanide) were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences
among treatment means were compared using pair wise difference method (P diff test) at 5% level of
significance. The results indicated a significant (P<0.05) reduction in intake of the antinutritional
components in the BS diets compared to the RS diets. The inclusion levels showed significant (P < 0.05)
differences across all parameters. It was concluded that processing cocoyam by boiling resulted in lower
antinutritional factor intake, with the 50% inclusion level having the lowest values and thus
recommended.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED NEEM LEAF MEAL (Azadirachta indica)
Authors:
Adeniran, A.O., Oladunjoye, I.O. and Tanimowo, I. O
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 478 – 480
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PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENTLY PROCESSED NEEM LEAF MEAL (Azadirachta indica)
The proximate composition of neem leaf meal subjected to different processing methods was analysed
to determine their nutrient contents. Fresh leaves were divided in to two parts : one part was air-dried
and milled (unsoaked neem leaf meal; UNLM), while the other part was soaked, air-dried, and milled
(soaked neem leaf meal; SNLM). These were analysed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract,
crude fibre, ash and nitrogen free extract using standard analytical methods in triplicates. The results
revealed that the proximate composition of Unsoaked Neem Leaf Meal (UNLM) and Soaked Neem
Leaf Meal (SNLM) were as follows: dry matter (91.36 and 90.97%), crude protein (18.68 and
19.58%), crude fibre (15.36 and 15.02%), ether extract (3.51 and 3.63%), ash (9.24 and 8.97%) and
nitrogen free extract (44.57 and 43.77%). It was therefore concluded that neem leaves have the
potential to serve as feed supplement in livestock.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED ENZYME SUPPLEMENTED PLANTAIN PEEL MEAL DIET
Authors:
Wozi, Ebikobowei Elvis.1 , Yeigba, Bolouinbele Japhet*. 3 , Perekeme, Tolumoere, R*, 3 and Akinola, L.A.F
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 473 – 477
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED ENZYME SUPPLEMENTED PLANTAIN PEEL MEAL DIET
This study was carried out to examine the performance of broiler chickens fed enzyme supplemented unripe
plantain peel meal diet. A total of 150-day old broiler chicks were used for the study. They were assigned
to five treatment groups with 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The
test diets were designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 having 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% of dried unripe
plantain peel meal supplemented with 0.05g/kg of enzyme which replaced a percentage of the maize in the
control (T1) without enzyme supplementation. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Proximate analysis
of the unripe plantain peel meal was also carried out. Data were collected for performance parameters of
the broiler chickens. The result of this study showed that the proximate composition of the plantain peel
meal was 80.8% Dry matter, 7.44% Crude protein, 0.60% Ether extract, 16.26% Crude fibre, 2.30% Crude
ash, and 73.36% Nitrogen free extract. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the initial weight, feed
conversion ratio, and mortality of the broiler chicken across the treatment groups. However, significant
differences (P<0.05) were also observed in final weight, average weight gain, total feed intake and cost of
feed consumed/bird. It was concluded that 45% unripe plantain peel meal with enzyme supplementation
could replace maize in the diet of chickens.
THE EFFECTS OF TIME BETWEEN HATCHING AND PLACEMENT ON EARLY GROWTH RATE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Sudik, S. D., Zangina, A. M., Ahmadu, M., Mohammad, M. I. and Olusegun, O. B.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 469 – 472
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THE EFFECTS OF TIME BETWEEN HATCHING AND PLACEMENT ON EARLY GROWTH RATE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Abstract
This study aimed to assess how the time gap between hatching and placement affects the early growth
rate of broiler chickens. A total of 120 ROSS 308 broilers were acquired from Kano and randomly
divided into three groups, each containing four replicates. They were provided with commercial feed.
Group 1 started feeding on the day of arrival, while groups 2 and 3 were withheld from feed for 2 and 3
days, respectively, before beginning to eat. The experiment was conducted over a two-week period,
examining parameters such as body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weight loss, and growth
percentage. Birds that were fed after 2 and 3 days lost an average of 2.43g and 3.40g of their initial
weight, respectively. Group 1 experienced significantly (p>0.05) better final, total, and daily weight
gains, followed by group 2, while group 3 showed the least growth. However, feed consumption was
highest in group 1 and lowest in groups 2 and 3, with group 1 also exhibiting a superior feed conversion
ratio and growth percentage. The findings indicate that early feed availability improves the performance
of chicks.
PROXIMATE AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF MUSARPORMS BASED DIET FED TO WEANER PIGS
Authors:
Richard Obi, V.E. Ekhorutomwen, S.O. Nwokoro
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 466 – 468
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PROXIMATE AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF MUSARPORMS BASED DIET FED TO WEANER PIGS
Plantain peels and palm oil mill slurry are often discarded as waste in the processing industry, posing a
significant environmental threat. In light of the rising cost of grains used in livestock feed, this study
investigated the proximate and mineral composition of MUSAPORMS (a blend of ripe plantain peels and
palm oil mill slurry) fed to weaner pigs at varying levels of maize replacement. Five dietary treatments
were evaluated: 0% (control), 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% MUSAPORMS. The highest crude protein value
(25.67%) was observed in the control, while the lowest (19.83%) occurred in Treatments 2 and 3. Treatment
5 (60% inclusion) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from the control. Crude fiber decreased with
increased MUSAPORMS, and iron content peaked at the highest inclusion level. Sodium ranged from 82.00
g/kg to 285.80 g/kg. These results support MUSAPORMS as a viable substitute for maize in weaner pig
diets, with 60% inclusion level recommended as it maintained crude protein and energy values comparable
to the control.
AMINO ACIDS OPTIMIZATION OF MEAT AND BONE MEAL BASED DIETS: EFFECTS ON SERUM MINERALS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Adesehinwa O. A., K. P. Awelewa, Bello I. M., B. A. Okunade, A. O. Fafiolu, B. A. Makanjuola
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 462 – 465
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AMINO ACIDS OPTIMIZATION OF MEAT AND BONE MEAL BASED DIETS: EFFECTS ON SERUM MINERALS OF BROILER CHICKENS
The use of Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) in broiler chickens ration is essentially limited because of
deficiencies that have been recorded in its amino acid profile. This study evaluated the effect of partial
replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with MBM supplemented with limiting amino acids on serum minerals
of broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty (240) day-old broiler chicks were allotted to six dietary
treatments in a Completely Randomized Design for a 6-week trial. Diets included: T1 (positive control, 0%
MBM), T2 (10% MBM without amino acid supplement), T3 (10% MBM + lysine), T4 (10% MBM +
methionine), T5 (10% MBM + lysine + methionine) and T6 (10% MBM + lysine + methionine + threonine).
Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 birds per replicate. At the end of the feeding trial, blood
was sampled from the birds and serum analyzed for mineral profile. Results showed that serum mineral
concentrations were significantly (p0.05) affected by dietary treatments. It
was concluded that 10% MBM inclusion supplemented with lysine, methionine, and threonine improved
the serum mineral profile of broiler chicken, which could support bone development, immune function and
overall metabolic health in rapidly growing broiler chicken.
CARCASS AND ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSS 308 BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE MEAL
Authors:
Abdulazeez, R. O., Edafewhara, S., Okuna, R., Ilaboya, I. I., Imouokhome, J. I. and Oyedeji, J. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 457 – 461
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CARCASS AND ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSS 308 BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE MEAL
This study investigated the effect of feeding black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as a substitute for
soybean meal (SBM) in broiler finisher diets on the carcass and organ characteristics of Ross 308 broiler
chickens. A total of 120 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments with eight birds per
replicate. The BSFLM was incorporated into the diets at 0% (control, T1), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4)
and 100% (T5) on a protein basis. The birds were subdivided into three replicates of eight birds each in a
completely randomized design. At the end of eight weeks feeding trial, 2 birds per replicate were randomly
selected according to average group weight and slaughtered for carcass and organ evaluation. The results
demonstrated that carcass yield parameters, including breast, drumstick, thigh, and back weights, were
significantly improved (P<0.05) in birds fed BSFLM. The wing weights were significantly (P0.05) within all the treatment means. The large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) influenced
when birds were fed diets with T2 and T4. The weight of the gizzard was similar across all treatments
except for T5. It was observed that birds fed BSFLM diets elicited better cut part weights. Therefore, black
soldier fly larvae meal improved carcass and organ characteristics of ROSS 308 broiler finishers without
any adverse effect and 75% inclusion gave an optimum performance on carcass and organ traits.
HEAMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF BROILERS CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL
Authors:
Adelowo Olayinka V,, Zungum Aliyu G., Alkasim Idris A., Olaiya Olalekan D, Oshibanjo
Olusegun, D., Solomon Blessing N. and Dassam Repentance E.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 453 – 456
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HEAMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF BROILERS CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF PAWPAW (Carica papaya) LEAF MEAL
One hundred and fifty broiler chickens (150) were randomly allotted into five dietary treatments
consisting of graded levels (0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5% and 6%) of pawpaw leaf meal in a completely
randomized design. At the end of the six (6) weeks trial, from a total of 15 birds (three birds from each
treatment), blood samples were collected using sterile syringe and needle from the wing vein into a
Plain sample container and labeled properly. Samples were taken to the laboratory for heamatology and
biochemical analysis. The parameters measured include the Hematological indices (White Blood Cells
(x1012/l), Haemoglobin (g/dl), Packed Cell Volume (%), Mean Corpuscular Volume, Neutrophils,
Lymphocytes) while the Biochemical parameters include Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, and
Alanine Transaminase The results showed significant difference in the heamatological profile across
the treatments while the biochemical profile showed no significant difference in the Alanine
Transaminase but other parameters were significantly different across the treatments. This shows that
Pawpaw leaf meal at 6% level of inclusion affect the blood profile of broiler chickens positively and
can be included in their diets for better performance.
Nutrient Digestibility and Economic of Production of Grower Rabbits Fed Graded Levels of Soyabean Cheese Waste as Replacement of Full-Fat Soya Bean Seed Meal
Authors:
Gulukun, E. Z., Yilsu, M.G., Dastu, J.A., Yakubu, R.N., Gyang, I.Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 447 – 452
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Nutrient Digestibility and Economic of Production of Grower Rabbits Fed Graded Levels of Soyabean Cheese Waste as Replacement of Full-Fat Soya Bean Seed Meal
An experiment was carried out for forty-two days on the effect of feeding graded levels soyabean cheese
waste as a replacement for full fat soyabean on the nutrient digestibility and economic of production of
grower rabbits. Thirty (30) rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with an initial body weight of 1160.00-
1206.67g were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments of six rabbits per treatment with two rabbits
per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental diets were: T1 with 0%
soyabean cheese waste as the control, while T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained 25, 50, 75 and 100% soyabean
cheese waste respectively. Feed and water were provided ad libitumduring the period of the research.
The parameters measured were nutrient digestibility and economic of production. The results showed that
nutrient digestibility were significantly (P<0.05) influenced and better for the soyabean cheese wastebased diet. The nutrient digestibility of crude fibre and ash increases as the level soyabean cheese waste
increases and the increase of soyabean cheese waste can reduce the cost of production at 75%
inclusionin rabbits rearing. The results showed soyabean cheese waste can be included in rabbit diet at
75% levels without any effect to rabbits
HAEMATOLOGIC INDICES OF EXOTIC FINISHERS TURKEY FED FLASHED-DRIED CASSAVA PULP AS A REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
Authors:
Raji, M. O,. Adeniyi, O.A., Akinosun, A.A., Abegunde, P. T., Fasasi, M.O., Oseni, T. A., Oso, A. O and Bamgbose, A. M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 443 – 446
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HAEMATOLOGIC INDICES OF EXOTIC FINISHERS TURKEY FED FLASHED-DRIED CASSAVA PULP AS A REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
One hundred and twenty (120) day-old British United Turkey (BUT) poults were purchased from Oyo
state in Nigeria to evaluate haematological indices of exotic finisher turkeys fed varying levels of flasheddried cassava pulp (FDCP). Finisher turkeys were carried over from starting phase and randomly assigned
into four (4) dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Thirty (30) turkey finishers
were assigned into four (4) treatments and replicated six (6) times with five (5) turkey per replicate. The
FDCP were partially replaced maize at 0, 5, 10 and 15% levels in the diets. Water and feed were supplied
ad-libitum. At 15th weeks of the experiment, 3 mls blood sample was collected via wing vein into vials
contained ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) to determine of hematological indices. The results
revealed significant effect (p<0.05) on packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cells. Packed cell
volume showed the highest (56.00%) significant (p<0.05) difference from 5% FDCP while the lowest
(39.50%) was observed on 10% FDCP. The highest (14.75g/dl) significant (p<0.05) haemoglobin was
obtained on 0% FDCP while turkeys fed 10% FDCP showed the least (11.25g/dl) significant (p<0.05)
impact. Turkeys finisher fed on 5% FDCP showed a highly (4.05 x1012L) significant different (p<0.05) on
RBC while turkeys fed 10% FDCP showed the lowest (3.20 x 1012/l). Conclusively, flashed-dried cassava
pulp had no negative effect on hematological indices of turkeys at finishing phase. Therefore, inclusion of
FDCP beyond 15% level in the diets of turkeys’ finishers should be researched on.
EFFECT OF ROSEMARY LEAF MEAL AND SODIUM BENTONITE ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKEN STRAIN
Authors:
Udeh, F.U, Onodugo, M.O., Edeh, H.O, Uberu, N.P., M.O., Okoye, P.E., Kalu, J.C., Arum, E.C. and Ugwuozor, J.C.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 439 – 442
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EFFECT OF ROSEMARY LEAF MEAL AND SODIUM BENTONITE ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKEN STRAIN
The study was conducted to determine the effect of rosemary leaf meal and sodium bentonite on the
haematological profile of broiler chicken strain. A total of 180 day-old broiler chicks of Cobb 500 strain
were used for the study. The birds were randomly divided into 6 groups and allotted into 6 dietary
treatments, each treatment was replicated thrice, with 30 birds per treatment and 10 birds per replicate in a
2×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). Sodium bentonite (SB) and
rosemary leaf meal (RLM) were incorporated into the diets at different levels, Treatment (T1) contained
0gSB+0gRLM/kg diet), T2 (0gSB+3gRLM/kg diet), T3 (0gSB+6gRLM/kg diet), T4 (15gSB+0gRLM),
T5 (15gSB+3gRLM), T6 (15gSB+6gRLM), respectively. Feed and water were provided to the birds ad
libitum. Routine management practices were applied as at when due. At the end of the feeding trial, blood
samples were randomly collected from 6 birds per treatment, representing two birds per replicate, for
haematological analysis. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the interaction of
rosemary leaf meal (RLM) and sodium bentonite (SB) significantly (p<0.05) increased haematological
profiles. The inclusion level of 3gRLM+15gSB/kg diet increased PCV (32.33 to 40.00%), RBC
(9.63 to 10.50x106
/L Hb (9.50 to 11.67 g/dl), MCH (10.83 to 12.69 pg) and MCHC (26.79 to
35.85 g/dl). It was therefore concluded that inclusion of 3gRLM+15gSB/kg diet improved
haematological profile of Cobb 500 broiler strain, and thus, recommended for haematological
improvement of broiler chickens.
Haematological Response of Broiler Birds to Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Leaf Infusion as an Alternative to Conventional Antibiotics
Authors:
Amao, E. A., Amao, O. D., Falohun, I. A. and Ibrahim M. M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 435 – 438
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Haematological Response of Broiler Birds to Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Leaf Infusion as an Alternative to Conventional Antibiotics
Uncontrolled usage of conventional antibiotics has led to several consequences ranging from residual
contents in meat and eggs to antibiotic resistance in both animals and man, from hypersensitivity reactions,
toxicity to teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. Effects of pawpaw leaf infusion (PLI) was evaluated on the
hematological response of broiler chickens as alternative to conventional antibiotics. A total of 150 broilers
chickens was randomly distributed into five treatment groups with three replicates each in a Completely
Randomized Design. The birds were administered varying concentrations of pawpaw leaf infusion:
conventional antibiotics, no antibiotics, 10g/L, 20 g/L and 30 g/L PLI from day old for three consecutive
days after which PLI was withdrawn for a week before another three consecutive days of PLI. After six
weeks of the experiment, 5ml of blood was collected into EDTA bottles for haematological assay, from
three birds/replicate/treatment. Data were collected and analyzed on Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin,
Red Blood Cell, White Blood Cell, Heterophils and Monocytes were evaluated. Packed Cell Volume
showed significant difference (P<0.05) with value ranging from 26.00% (30 g/L PLI) to 38.33% (20 g/L
PLI). Haemoglobin showed significant difference (P<0.05) with value ranging from 8.46g/dL (30 g/L PLI)
to 11.73g/dL (20 g/L PLI). Red Blood Cell showed significant difference (P0.05).
Heterophils showed significant difference (P<0.05) with value ranging from 25.66% (20 g/L PLI) to 37.00%
(30 g/L PLI). Monocytes showed significant difference (P<0.05) with value ranging from 1.33% (10 g/L
PLI) to 4.00% (30 g/L PLI). Pawpaw leaf infusion up to 20 g/L can serve as an effective alternative to
antibiotics without adverse effects on the hematology of broiler.
Growth Performance and Microbial Count of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Neem Leaf Powder in the Tropical Forest Zone
Authors:
Hammed, O. O., Ojua, T. E., Lawal, N. O., Oyelami, D. O., Onigbinde, A. and Matt-Obabu, A.D.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 431 – 434
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Growth Performance and Microbial Count of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Neem Leaf Powder in the Tropical Forest Zone
Microbiota in the digestive tract has become an interesting topic for researchers in recent years while the profile of
chicken digestive tract microbiota and its relationship with health and production performance have become basic issues
for modulating the diversity and abundance of the digestive tract microbiota. Research on feeding supplement was
carried out to determine the influence of dietary incorporation of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf on growth performance
and microbial count of Arbor Acre broiler chickens for 8 weeks. Total number of 100-day-old chicks of Arbor Acre
broilers were randomly assigned into five treatments. Birds of treatment T1 (control group) were fed a basal diet (starter
and finisher), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3, T4, and T5 the basal diet was incorporated with 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%
and 0.6% neem leaf supplements, respectively. Results showed supplementation of 0.3% to 0.5% neem leaf supplement
improved the performances of Arbor Acre broiler in terms of body weight gain and microbiota index during the period
of the experiment. Conclusively, neem leaf supplement can be supplemented in feed at various levels of inclusion up
to 1% for good health status and desired performance of broiler birds.
EFFECT OF GALLIC AND BUTYRIC ACIDS SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS AT STARTER PHASE
Authors:
Ajamu, I.R., Ojebiyi, O.O., Akande, M.B., Idowu, O.E., Akinola, T.V., Ishola, O.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 427 – 430
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EFFECT OF GALLIC AND BUTYRIC ACIDS SUPPLEMENTED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS AT STARTER PHASE
The effects of gallic and butyric acids supplemented diets on growth performance as an alternative to
antibiotic growth promoters were examined in a 28-day experiment using two hundred and forty(240) oneday-old, Ross 308 strain of broiler chickens. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized
Design. Broiler chickens were allotted to 10 dietary treatments with 3 replicates of 8 birds each. Treatment
1 was the basal diet with no supplements (given antibiotics), while Treatments 2, 3, and 4 were
supplemented with 0.0005, 0.0010 and 0.0015% gallic acid respectively, Treatments 5, 6, and 7 were
supplemented with 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40% butyric acid respectively, Treatment 8 was supplemented with
0.0005%, gallic acid and 0.20% butyric acid, Treatment 9 was supplemented with 0.0010% gallic acid and
0.30% butyric acid and Treatment 10 was supplemented with 0.0015% gallic acid and 0.40% butyric acid.
The inclusion of gallic acid at 0.0015% inclusion in broilers chickens diet significantly increased the weight
gain of broiler chickens and had similar feed conversion ratio when compared with the control, and the
combination of gallic and butyric acids significantly influenced feed conversion ratio positively and
increased weight gain of broiler chickens.
INFLUENCE OF PHYTOGENIC ADDITIVE FROM ASPILIA AFRICANA EXTRACT ON CARCASS TRAITS AND ORGAN BIOMETRICS IN BROILERS
Authors:
Etuk, E. B., Moses, D. C., Ekechi, F. E. and Abubakar, S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 423 – 426
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INFLUENCE OF PHYTOGENIC ADDITIVE FROM ASPILIA AFRICANA EXTRACT ON CARCASS TRAITS AND ORGAN BIOMETRICS IN BROILERS
This study investigated the influence of water-based phytogenic additive produced from Aspilia africana
leaf extract on the carcass and internal organ biometrics of broiler chickens. A total of 160 day-old Ross
308 broiler chicks in five groups of 32 each and 4 replicates of 8 birds per group were randomly allocated
to five treatment groups in a completely randomized design experiment and raised under a deep litter
system.. The birds received different concentrations of the additive in their drinking water: 0 ml (control),
5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, and 20 ml per litre. Clean water was provided after the additive-treated water was
consumed daily, and both feed and water were offered ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, one bird
closest to the average weight per treatment was selected from each replicate for carcass and internal organ
evaluation. Parameters measured included live weight, dressed weight, carcass weight, and internal organ
weights. Data collected were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, and Tukey’s test was used for mean
separation where differences were significant. The findings revealed that supplementation with Aspilia
africana extract at 10 ml and 15 ml per litre of water significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced live weight,
dressing percentage, and carcass yield and some internal organ weights compared to the control group.
These results suggest that additive produced from Aspilia africana leaf extract can be a natural and
effective alternative to synthetic growth promoters in broiler production, improving carcass characteristics
and internal organ weights sustainably
GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED PHYTOGENIC HORSERADISH (Moringa oleifera) LEAF EXTRACT
Authors:
Essen, P.O., Njoku, G.N., Ewa, U.E., Iwere, J.I., Ewa, D.O., Onya, G.U., and Zachary, B.N.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 417 – 422
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED PHYTOGENIC HORSERADISH (Moringa oleifera) LEAF EXTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) on the growth, carcass traits,
and economics of finisher broiler chickens. A total of 120 unsexed four-week-old Anak broilers were
divided into four treatment groups in a completely randomized design, with 30 birds per group and three
replicates. The groups received varying MOLE concentrations in water: 0ml/L (T1 - control), 20ml/L
(T2), 40ml/L (T3), and 60ml/L (T4) per liter, refreshed every three days, alongside ad libitum feed and
water. Data collection spanned 28 days. Results showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in feed
conversion ratio and weight gain for the treated groups, with the 60ml/L MOLE group (T4) achieving the
highest gains. MOLE treatments also significantly enhanced (P0.05) were observed in economic parameters, though the 60ml/L group showed better
sales performance. In conclusion, MOLE was well-tolerated by the broilers, and inclusion up to 60ml/L of
water improved growth performance, carcass traits, and economic viability, offering cost benefits at the
highest inclusion level.
EFFICACY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT AS A PHYTOGENIC ADDITIVE ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERSIN FINISHERBROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Essen, P.O., Njoku, G.N., Ewa, U.E., Ewa, D.O., Iwere, J.I., Onya, G.U., and Zachary, B.N.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 411 – 416
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EFFICACY OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF EXTRACT AS A PHYTOGENIC ADDITIVE ON HEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERSIN FINISHERBROILER CHICKENS
A 28-day trial evaluated the effect of varying levels of M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) on the
physiological parameters of 120 four-week-old ‘Anak’ broilers. The birds were randomly divided into
four treatment groups in a completely randomized design, with 30 birds per group and three replicates of
ten birds each. The groups (T1 – T4) received varying MOLE concentrations in water at 0ml, 20ml, 40ml
and 60ml per litre, refreshed every three days to maintain the stability and potency of the bioactive
compounds, minimize microbial growth, and ensure consistent exposure throughout the experimental
period. All birds had ad libitum access to feed and water. Freshly harvested M. oleifera leaves were airdried for five days, milled into leaf meal (MOLM), and analyzed for nutrients, showing high protein and
ash content, highlighting its value as a supplement. Blood samples collected at week eight were analyzed
for hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The analysis showed no significant differences
(P>0.05) except for creatinine, which increased numerically with higher MOLE levels. Hematological
and serum biochemistry values remained within normal ranges for healthy broilers. It was concluded that
MOLE, at up to 60ml/L, can be safely administered in the drinking water of broiler chickens without
adverse effects on their health.
USE OF ANDROPOGUN TECTORUM AS A LEAF MEAL FOR FINISHER BROILER DIET: A PANACEA TOWARDS ENHANCEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Authors:
Ikpe, J. N., Ahaotu, E. O., Abdullahi, J., Mbachu, M. U., Njoku, J. U. and Simon-Ahaotu, V. C.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 407 – 410
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USE OF ANDROPOGUN TECTORUM AS A LEAF MEAL FOR FINISHER BROILER DIET: A PANACEA TOWARDS ENHANCEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
The high cost of conventional feed ingredients has necessitated the need to explore alternative feed
ingredients in feeding of broiler chickens. This trial was conducted to investigate the performance of
finisher broiler chickens fed dietary inclusions of Andropogun tectorum leaf meal (ATLM). 120 Anak2000 strain of finisher broilers were distributed randomly in a completely randomized design (CRD) of
four treatments, each replicated three times. The experimental diets consist of ATLM included at levels
of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% in treatments 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The diets were fed for 28days,
during which feed intake and weight gain and mortality were monitored. Broilers in T3 had the highest
final weight gain of 2141.67 which although was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control
(1836.67g) but was similar with T2 and T4. The daily weight gain was best for T2 broilers and similar
with T3 broilers. The feed conversion ratio was best among chickens in T2 andT3 while feed intake did
not differ among the groups. It was concluded that up to 5% inclusion rate of ATLM can increase the
productivity of finisher broiler chickens and therefore recommended.
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, HAEMATOLOGY AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF GROWING PULLETS UNDER TWO REARING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors:
Akinola Yinka Paul Ojelade and Olugbenga Adeniran Ogunwole
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 402 – 406
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PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, HAEMATOLOGY AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF GROWING PULLETS UNDER TWO REARING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Performance indicators, haematological profiles, and serum biochemical indices of growing Bovan nera
pullets (n=576) at week 12 weighing 1.06 ± 0.01-1.08 ± 0.03kg/pullet. Pullets were reared under two
housing management systems: deep litter system (DLS) and battery cage system (BCS). The pullets
were divided into two groups each having 288 birds per rearing management in a completely
randomised design. A grower diet containing metaboliseable energy; 2,781.38 Kcal/kg and crude
protein; 16.18% was formulated and fed offered ad libitum to the pullets. Data were subjected to t-test
analysis at α 0.05 using the General Linear Model Procedure and significant means separated by Duncan
Multiple Range option of General Linear Model procedure of SAS. Feed intake, weight gain, and feed
conversion ratio showed no significant (p>0.05) differences between rearing management systems.
Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), and Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts remained within
physiological norms across treatments indicating no adverse health effects. However, there were
significant (p<0.05) differences in Albumin (AL), Albumin/Globulin (AL:GL) ratio, and Phosphorus
(P) levels with birds in DLS showing higher values (p<0.05). The results showed enhanced protein
metabolism and mineral utilization due to increased physical activity of pullets in DLS. There were no
significant differences in lipid profiles or liver enzyme activities, indicating metabolic stability of birds
in both rearing management. In conclusion, growth performance and haematological indices were not
affected but serum albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, and phosphorus levels vary with rearing
management. The deep litter system supported enhanced immune function and energy metabolism, due
to increased bird activity
Growth Performance and Economy of Isa-Brown Grower Cockerels (7– 12 weeks) fed Varying Dietary Energy and Protein Levels in the Southern Rainforest Zone of Nigeria
Authors:
Ekanem, N. J., Afolabi, K. D., Unah, U. L., Eko, P. M., Ebenso, I. E., Muhammad Haroon, A, Agwu, A. E. and Essien, K. F.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 398 – 401
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Growth Performance and Economy of Isa-Brown Grower Cockerels (7– 12 weeks) fed Varying Dietary Energy and Protein Levels in the Southern Rainforest Zone of Nigeria
This study was carried out at the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Poultry Farm unit, a southern
rainforest zone of Nigeria to ascertain the optimal dietary energy and protein requirements of Isa-brown
grower cockerels (7 - 12 weeks). Three metabolizable energy (ME) levels (2800, 2900, 3000 kcal/kg
DM) and four crude protein (CP) levels (16, 18, 20, 22%) were assessed across 12 diets using a 3 × 4
factorial experiment arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). A total of 360 six-weekold Isa-brown cockerels were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups. Each group was replicated
three times with 10 birds per replicate. Growth performance, Feed conversion ratio, Energy and protein
intakes as well as Economic parameters were evaluated. Result showed that birds fed with 2800 kcal/kg
ME and 22% CP diet had the highest final body weight and weight gain while those on 2900 kcal/kg
ME and 20% CP was the diet with the least cost of feed intake per kg body weight gain. Variations in
energy levels did not significantly affect Feed Intake (FI), Body Weight Gain (BWG), Protein Intake
(PI) and Metabolizable Energy Intake (MEI) (P > 0.05), but differences in Crude protein levels had a
significant effect on FI, PI and MEI. In conclusion, for Isa - brown grower cockerels (7 -12 weeks)
optimal performance in southern rainforest zone of Nigeria at a least cost feed, it is recommended to
use diet containing 2900 kcal/kg ME and 20% Protein.
EFFECT OF BEDDING MATERIALS ON SERUM LIPID PROFILE OF WEANED PIGS
Authors:
Ogunbode, A.A., Adeniyi, O.A and Raji, M.O
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 395 – 397
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EFFECT OF BEDDING MATERIALS ON SERUM LIPID PROFILE OF WEANED PIGS
Housing management of animals in the form of bedding is of paramount importance for good health and
better growth. Twenty-seven (27) weaned pigs were allotted to three treatments of nine (9) animals per
treatment and three animals per replicate. The concrete floor was constructed using cement, gravel, sand
and water while woodshaving were collected in dried form from sawmills within Igboora metropolis and
harmful materials such as pebbles, iron metals, broken bottles and nails were removed and spread on
cemented floor to make the woodshaving floor. The clay was gotten from termite hills within the College
premises n dried form from sawmills within Igboora metropolis and harmful materials such as pebbles, iron
metals, broken bottles and nails were removed and spread on cemented floor to and spread on cemented
floor to make the clay floor. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected through the anterior vena
cava of three animals per treatment very early in the morning before feeding for serum lipid analysis into
plain bottles without anticoagulant to determine the cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and
low density lipoprotein. Results showed that there were significant (P0.05). Highest concentration of
glucose (98.67mg/dl), cholesterol (44.33mg/dl), triglyceride (23.33mg/dl), and low density lipoprotein
(39.67mg/dl) were obtained in pigs reared on concrete floor while the lowest mean values (83.67mg/dl,
39.33mg/dl, 18.33mg/dl and 35.67mg/dl) were recorded in pigs reared on woodshaving floor, respectively.
The pigs compared favourably among the treatment for high density lipoprotein. It can be concluded that
rearing pigs on woodshaving floor gave the best lipid profile of pigs and this is an indication that the pigs
are safe for human consumption and the use of woodshaving as a bedding materials prevents environmental
pollution and reduce waste in the environment.
CARCASS YIELD AND RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT OF ARBOR ACRE BROILER CHICKENS FED VARYING LEVELS OF HIGH-QUALITY CASSAVA PEELS AS REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
Authors:
Ajayi F. E., Akinsuyi M. A., Oyeniyi F. G., and Ajayi E. A
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 391 – 394
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CARCASS YIELD AND RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT OF ARBOR ACRE BROILER CHICKENS FED VARYING LEVELS OF HIGH-QUALITY CASSAVA PEELS AS REPLACEMENT FOR MAIZE
This study investigated the effects of replacing maize with High-Quality Cassava Peels (HQCP) at
varying levels on the carcass characteristics and relative organ weights of Arbor Acre Broiler Chickens.
A total of 150 day-old broiler chicks were allotted into five dietary treatments with inclusion of HQCP
replacing maize at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively, in a completely randomized design.
Each treatment group had three replicates of 10 birds. Results showed that birds fed diets with 25%
HQCP had comparable carcass yields to the control group, while further inclusion led to reduced growth
performance and carcass quality. Organ weights, particularly the kidney and heart, increased
significantly with addition of HQCP levels, suggesting physiological stress or adaptive responses to diet
composition. These findings suggested that HQCP can be used to partially replace maize in broiler diets
without compromising performance, however, complete replacement may adversely affect growth and
health parameters.
EFFECT OF CRUDE ONION EXTRACT ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
MARU .A. S., ADAMU, S. B., Mohammed, G., Shettima, M. and Kaganami, M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 386 – 390
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EFFECT OF CRUDE ONION EXTRACT ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS
The study was carried out to determine the effect of onion extract on haematological parameters of
broiler chickens. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) day-old broiler Arbor acre chicks (mixed sex)
were reared up to eight (8) weeks of age and used for the study. The chickens were randomly allocated to
five dietary treatment groups with thirty (30) birds per treatment. Each group was further sub-divided
into three replicates of 10 birds per replicate in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The onion
extract was squeezed out with a sieve into a containe., The extract was prepared daily and administered
to the birds at graded levels of 2.5 mls, 5 mls, 7.5 mls and 10 mls in a litre of drinking water for T2,T3,T4
and T5 respectively, while T1 was the control (0.0ml) and was fed to the birds ad-libitum. The result
showed that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences among treatment groups for all the
haematological parameters except red blood cells (RBC) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean
corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). In conclusion haematological parameters of broiler chickens revealed
that onion extract has no adverse effect on the birds.
EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF INCLUSION OF CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, EGG CHARACTERISTICS AND HAEMATOLOGY OF LAYING PULLETS
Authors:
M. A. Akinsuyi, Ayoade O. O. and Owoola O. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 381 – 385
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EFFECTS OF GRADED LEVELS OF INCLUSION OF CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, EGG CHARACTERISTICS AND HAEMATOLOGY OF LAYING PULLETS
Growth performance, egg characteristics, and haematology of laying pullets fed a diet of varying levels of
clove were evaluated. A total of 120 Isa brown laying pullets at 36 weeks of age with average initial weight
of 1758.17± 25.08. The birds were randomly distributed into four dietsary treatments. each replicated thrice
with 10 birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The experimental diets consist of
commercial feed with the addition of Cloves at 0.00g/kg, 2.00g/kg, 2.50g/kg and 3.00g/kg respectively.
Body weights were recorded at the end of each week, while feed consumption was recorded daily. Daily
egg production was monitored and recorded. Egg shell, egg weight, egg height, egg length, egg abdomen,
egg yolk and shell thickness were measured. Hen day production (HDP), ADFI and feed conversion ratio
were calculated. Blood samples were collected for haematological study. Data were analysed using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA). The final body weight, daily weight gain, Hen day egg production,
average egg hen production per month, albumin and egg shape index, concentration of Packed Cell Volume
(%), Platelets (x105
/µl) and White Blood Cell (x103
/µl) were influenced (P<0.05)by the addition of clove
to the diets. The study concludes that Clove can be used to improve growth performance and egg production
of laying chickens and therefore recommends up to 2.00g/kg feed and 2.50g/kg feed of clove as safe for
pullet feeding without serious negative effects on health and egg production, and growth performance
indices respectively.
HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILES OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS WITH INCREMENTAL LEVELS OF SCENT LEAF (Ocimum gratissimum) MEAL
Authors:
Agwu, A. E., Essien, K.F., Yunana, Y.L., Enyenihi, G.E., Ekanem, N.J and Aslam, M. H.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 377 – 380
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HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILES OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS WITH INCREMENTAL LEVELS OF SCENT LEAF (Ocimum gratissimum) MEAL
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporating different levels of scent leaf (Ocimum
gratissimum) meal into broiler diets on hematological profiles in order to assess its potential as a
functional feed additive. 180-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments,
each with three replicates. The experimental diets included a control (0% scent leaf meal) and three
treatment groups with 2%, 4%, and 6% inclusion of scent leaf meal, respectively. Feed and water were
provided ad libitum, and the experiment lasted eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, six birds per
treatment were randomly selected for blood sample collection and slaughtered for carcass analysis.
Hematological analysis revealed significant variations in blood parameters across the treatment groups.
Birds fed 2%, and 4% scent leaf meal had higher packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count,
and hemoglobin concentration than the control. The inclusion of scent leaf meal at moderate levels (2%
and 4%) in broiler diets positively influenced hematological parameters, promote lean meat production
and improved physiological health. Future studies should investigate the long-term impacts of Ocimum
gratissimum supplementation on growth performance, immune response and gut health.
GROWTH AND ECONOMIC INDICES OF SUBSTITUTING A COMMERCIAL PREMIX WITH HORNED MELON MEAL IN BROILER FINISHER DIETS
Authors:
Mosobalaje, M. A., Oloko, A. B. and Adeaga, L. S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 373 – 376
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GROWTH AND ECONOMIC INDICES OF SUBSTITUTING A COMMERCIAL PREMIX WITH HORNED MELON MEAL IN BROILER FINISHER DIETS
The increasing cost of feed premixes, coupled with their dependency on imported raw materials, has presented
economic challenges for poultry farmers particularly in developing countries. This study evaluated the performance
and cost of the performance of broilers finishers fed diets partially substituted with horned melon meal (HMM) as a
replacement for a commercial premix. A total of 160 broiler finishers were randomly assigned to four dietary
treatments with graded levels of HMM inclusion (0%, 25%, 37.5%, and 50%) in a completely randomized design
over four weeks. Growth performance parameters and economic indices were assessed. Results showed no significant
differences (P>0.05) in growth performance parameters, including weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio
(FCR) across the treatments. However, broilers in the control group (0% HMM) consistently exhibited slightly higher
values for this parameters (3173.50g/bird, 1442.50g/bird and 2.20, respectively). Economic analysis indicated that
the diet with 50% HMM inclusion had the lowest cost of feed intake and cost of weight gain, (N2107.76/bird and
N4572.75/bird, respectively) demonstrating potential cost savings. Horned melon meal can partially replace
commercial premix in broiler diets without compromising growth performance and it offers economic advantages at
higher inclusion levels.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING MAHOGANY (Khaya senegalensis) BARK AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON CAECUM MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS IN THE SEMI-ARID ZONE, NIGERIA
Authors:
Balami, S.I., Duwa, H., Indawa, L.A. and Joshua, G.B.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 369 – 372
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EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING MAHOGANY (Khaya senegalensis) BARK AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON CAECUM MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS IN THE SEMI-ARID ZONE, NIGERIA
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing aqueous mahogany (Khaya
senegalensis) bark extract (AMBE) on the caecum microbiota of broiler chickens in the semi-arid zone in
Nigeria. A total of two hundred (200) day old broiler chicks (mixed-sex) were used for the study. The chicks
were randomly allotted to five (5) dietary treatments which was replicated four (4) times with each replicate
having ten (10) birds in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment 1 (T1); control group were fed
diets containing 0.00 ml/L of AMBE while treatment 2(T2,) treatment 3(T3), treatment (T4) and treatment
(T5) were fed 12.50, 25.00, 37.50 and 50.00 ml/L respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and data
on caecum microbiota were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. The result on total microbial
count showed significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatment groups. There were significant (P<0.05)
differences observed among treatment groups for Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus
faecalis, Proteus mirabilis and Bacterial species. The presence of bacterial population increased with
increased in AMBE concentration. In conclusion, supplementing broiler chickens drinking water with
aqueous mahogany bark extract encouraged the growth of bacterial population
Growth parameters and Haematological profile of rabbits fed graded levels of potato vines silage
Authors:
Iyalla, O. and Opuda, A.E.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 365 – 368
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Growth parameters and Haematological profile of rabbits fed graded levels of potato vines silage
The study evaluated the growth parameters and haematological profile of rabbit feed graded level of potato
vine (Solanum Tuberosum) and elephant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) silage at the Rabbitry Unit,
University of Port Harcourt Teaching and Research farm, Choba, Rivers State. Thirty grower rabbits of
mixed breed (New Zealand white and Chinchilla) with initial weights of 1.3±0.2 kg (mean ±SD) and aged
six (6) months were randomly assigned to five dietary treatment groups (n=6 per group, three
replicates) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were: T1 (100% elephant grass
silage, control), T2 (90% elephant grass + 10% potato vine silage), T3 (80% elephant grass + 20%
potato vine silage), T4 (70% elephant grass + 30% potato vine silage), and T5 (60% elephant grass
+ 40% potato vine silage). Growth parameters, and Haematological profile were evaluated. Data was
analyzed using SPSS 13 software and treatment means was differentiated using the Duncan. Result showed
significant (P<0.05) differences in growth parameters, and haematological parameters among treatments.
The study revealed that treatment T4 (70% Elephant grass + 30% Potato vine silage) was optimal with
superior growth and haematological outcome. Thus, further research should be carried out to validate the
findings of the current study in large scale rabbit production.
Growth performance and nutrient utilisation of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed dietary Ocimum americanum L. essential oil from Nigeria
Authors:
Awoyemi, I.E., Ajani, E.K., Osho, F.E., Orisasona, O.O., Omitoyin, B.O. and Hassan, T.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 360 – 364
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Growth performance and nutrient utilisation of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fed dietary Ocimum americanum L. essential oil from Nigeria
Ocimum americanum essential oil (OAEO) has shown growth-promoting properties in aquaculture.
However, there is limited information on its optimal dietary inclusion level for enhancing growth and
nutrient utilisation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study evaluated the effects of graded levels
of OAEO on the growth performance of O. niloticus fingerlings. Three hundred Nile tilapia (initial weight
1.2±0.02g) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments containing at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 ml
OAEO/100g of feed, representing OAEO0, OAEO1, OAEO2, OAEO3, and OAEO4, respectively and fed for
90 days. Growth metrics such as Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed
Conversion Ratio (FCR) were determined. Results showed that MWG, FCR and SGR were significantly
influenced (P < 0.05) by OAEO inclusion. Highest and lowest MWG was obtained OAEO1 (3.85±0.38) and
OAEO4 (2.94±0.03) respectively. Least FCR and Highest SGR was obtained in OAEO2 (1.58±0.14;
1.61±0.11) while highest FCR and least SGR was obtained in OAEO4 (2.06±0.07; 1.40±0.02) respectively.
Regression analysis identified 0.50ml (OAEO2) as the dietary inclusion level for optimum growth rate.
Growth Performance and Economic Benefit of Snails (Archachatina marginata) Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal as Replacement for Soybean Meal
Authors:
Ibrahim, I.K., Oladeji, D.D., Ademolue, O.R., Bamibe, T.O., Thompson, L.E., Adebowale, I., Muhammad, J.O., Olasupo, T.D., Omologbe, A.A., Akinlade, O.O., Ndem, B.Y., Balogun, T.M. and Asipa, W.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 357 – 359
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Growth Performance and Economic Benefit of Snails (Archachatina marginata) Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal as Replacement for Soybean Meal
The study evaluated the effects of replacing soybean meal with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM)
on the growth performance and economic efficiency of growing snails (Archachatina marginata).
Five diets were formulated: T1 (control: 24% soybean, 0% MOLM), T2 (50% soybean replaced with
MOLM), T3 (75% soybean replaced with MOLM), T4 (100% soybean replaced with MOLM), and
T5 (pawpaw leaf only). A total of 150 snails were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a
completely randomized design with three replicates. The feed intake and weight gain were measured
while feed conversion ratio and feed costs per kg diets were calculated. Results revealed that weight
gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments.
Snails fed T3 diet had the highest weight gain (23.36 g) and best FCR (4.63), comparable to the
control, while T5 (pawpaw leaf only) performed poorest (11.34 g weight gain, FCR 9.29). Feed
cost/kg reduced with increasing MOLM inclusion, lowest in T4. However, cost per kg weight gain
was most favorable in T3 (₦2531.70). It is concluded that MOLM can replace soybean meal up to
75% in snail diets for optimal biological and economic performance.
SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY PROFILES OF WEANER RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus) FED DIET CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF AFRICAN WILD GRAPE (Lannea microcarpa) LEAF MEAL
Authors:
N. Abdulrazak., Sagir Ubali., Bashir. A., Umar, A. M., and Getso, M.M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 353 – 356
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SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY PROFILES OF WEANER RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus) FED DIET CONTAINING GRADED LEVELS OF AFRICAN WILD GRAPE (Lannea microcarpa) LEAF MEAL
A feeding trial of 70 days was conducted to evaluate the serum biochemistry index of weaner rabbits.
Five diets were formulated, comprising treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%
inclusion levels of African wild grape leaf meal, respectively. Sixty (60) Mongrel weaner bucks’
weighing 750 g ± 50 g were randomly allotted into five different treatments consisting four rabbits per
replicate and twelve per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data generated were
subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan Multiple Range Test to compare the
means. The total protein, creatinine, blood urea and albumin did not differ significantly (P> 0.05).
However, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in globulin. African wild grape leaf is
found to improved production quality up to 20% and can be included in the diet of weaner rabbits
without any detrimental effect.
PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS BENEFIT OF WEANER RABBITS FED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF SUN-DRIED SHEEP RUMEN CONTENT AS A REPLACEMENT OF MAIZE OFFAL
Authors:
Saidu, I., Mbap, S. T., Abubakar, M. M., Bello, K. M., Sa’id, M. Yakubu, N.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 349 – 352
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PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS BENEFIT OF WEANER RABBITS FED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF SUN-DRIED SHEEP RUMEN CONTENT AS A REPLACEMENT OF MAIZE OFFAL
An experiment was carried out to determine the replacement value of sun dried sheep rumen content
(SDSRC) for maize offal (MO). Five diets were formulated such that SDSRC replaced MO at 0, 25, 50,75
and 100% levels. Fifty weaner rabbits were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments replicated five
times with two rabbits per replicate in a completely randomised design. Feed and water were given ad
libitum and the experiment lasted for eight weeks, whereby parameters for performance and economics
benefit were measured. The results portray that, the experimental diets had significant (p<0.05) effect on
total weight gain (579.50-958.20g), daily feed intake (78.86-86.34g), daily weight gain (10.35-11.43g) and
feed conversion ratio (4.71-8.34). The cost of feed shows that as the level of SDSRC increases the price
decreases, the cheapest feed (N/kg) is diet 5(100%SDSRC) and the most expensive is diet 1 (0%SDSRC).
It was concluded that, SDSRC could replace maize offal at 100% without affecting performance attributes
and economics of production. The use of SDSRC is recommended as source of fibre in rabbit diets to reduce
cost of production and environmental pollution in Nigeria.
Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of weaner Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed Graded Levels of Sorghum Offal as Replacement for wheat Offal
Authors:
Ajimohun, F. F., Bot, M. H., Olaiya, O. D., Oshibanjo,O. D., Muazu, A. A. and Ikwuje, P.A
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 344 – 348
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Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of weaner Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed Graded Levels of Sorghum Offal as Replacement for wheat Offal
The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of
sorghum (sorghum bicolor) offal as replacement for wheat offal in diets of weaner rabbits. A total of
60 mixed weaner breeds of rabbits aged 5-6 week were used in the experiment. Five experimental diets
were formulated using graded levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100) and designated as diets 1,2,3, 4 and 5 with
groundnut haulms constituting 20% and soya beans as protein source with 12 rabbis per treatment.
Each treatment was replicated three times with 4 rabbits per replicate in a completely randomized
Design. The diets were offered for a period of 8 weeks and carcass analysis was carried out at the end
of the experiment. Findings showed that there was no significant difference on all growth parameters
measured. Daily weight gain of 25.51g at 100% was obtained; feed conversion ratio 3.75 was highest
at 50%. No significant (p>0.05) differences on most of the carcass parameters measured except
shoulder and back cuts. Dressing percentage of 57.75% was obtained at 100% inclusion. It was
concluded that weaner rabbits can tolerate sorghum offal up to 50% level of inclusion without
significant adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics.
NUTRIENT PROFILE OF HONEY HARVESTED ACROSS TWO DIFFERENT SEASONS AT ISAN-EKITI
Authors:
Oyeniyi, F. G. and Afolabi, O. L.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 341 – 343
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NUTRIENT PROFILE OF HONEY HARVESTED ACROSS TWO DIFFERENT SEASONS AT ISAN-EKITI
Honey is a nutrient-dense edible product whose composition varies significantly due to a variety of factors
such as floral sources, climate and seasonality. This study was carried out at the apiary unit of the Teaching
and Research Farm, Ekiti State Polytechnic. Harvesting of honey was done during two different periods in
the year viz late dry season (first quarter of the year) and early raining season (second quarter of the year).
Weather parameters such as average rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and relative
pressure were obtained during both seasons in addition to the proximate compositions of honey samples.
Rainfall in late dry season (March) was 1.53mm compared to 26.64mm in early raining season (May). Solar
radiation was 202.28w/m2 in late dry season and 183.95w/m2
in early raining season. Proximate composition
of honey harvested in late dry season showed that crude protein in late dry season was 2.64% and 0.69% in
early raining season. The ether was 0.23% in late dry season 0.19% in early raining season. The result
showed significant variation in content of protein and some minerals as well as total volume of honey
harvested across both seasons. This study reveals that it may be beneficial to schedule the harvesting of
honey to the period when nutrients laden in it may be higher, typically before the raining season This also
has implications on welfare of bees as harvesting honey at certain periods of the year would amount to
considerable stress on the colony.
Performance and Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae on Cattle Rumen Content Wastes in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors:
Ojumoola, O.A., Adeyemi, K.D., Okunade, Z.O., Ibrahim, K.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 337 – 340
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Performance and Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae on Cattle Rumen Content Wastes in Ilorin, Nigeria
This study evaluated the performance and nutritional composition of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL)
reared on cattle rumen content (CRC) wastes in Ilorin, Nigeria. Fresh CRC was collected, processed, and
used either alone (CRC100) or mixed 1:1 with fruit wastes (CRC50). A commercial broiler starter feed (CF)
served as a control. Six-day-old larvae were reared under a completely randomized design with three
treatments, each replicated ten times. Survival rates exceeded 85% across all treatments, with no
significant differences (p>0.05). However, larval weights were highest on CF, followed by CRC50, and
lowest on CRC100 (p<0.05), indicating enhanced growth when CRC was combined with fruit wastes.
Proximate analysis revealed that 15-day-old larvae reared on CRC-based substrates had crude protein
contents (44.68 - 44.91%) comparable to conventional protein sources, but moderate nitrogen-free extract
levels, suggesting moderate energy supply. The results show that CRC, especially when blended with
fruit wastes, can yield protein-rich BSFL suitable as livestock feed, while also promoting sustainable
waste valorization.
ORGAN WEIGHT CHANGES AND MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF Clarias gariepinus JUVENILES FED DIFFERENT GRADED LEVELS OF COMBINATION OF PLANT– BASED SUPPLEMENTED DIETS
Authors:
Olusola, Sunday Emmanuel
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 332 – 336
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ORGAN WEIGHT CHANGES AND MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF Clarias gariepinus JUVENILES FED DIFFERENT GRADED LEVELS OF COMBINATION OF PLANT– BASED SUPPLEMENTED DIETS
This study evaluated the efficacy of different graded levels of medicinal plants mixture (MPLM)
{fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum), stone breaker (Phyllanthus
niruri), and garlic (Allium sativum)} dietary supplementation on Clarias gariepinus. Two hundred forty
C. gariepinus juveniles (mean weight 6.70±0.02g) were randomly assigned to seven treatment diets in a
completely randomised design for 8 weeks. Seven experimental diets composed of Control (without
medicinal plants mixture) MPLM2 (0.5%), MPLM3 (1.0%) MPLM4 (1.5%), MPLM5 (2.0%), MPLM6
(2.5%), MPLM7 (3.0%) of 40% crude protein in 14 experimental tanks. The experimental fish were
replicated twice with 20 fish per replicate, fed twice daily at 3% body weight. The organ index (heart,
liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine) and morphometric characteristics (standard length, total length, dorsal
length, head length and height) were measured. The organ index obtained at the end of the experiment
showed that there was an increase in the value obtained among the dietary groups when compared to the
values obtained before the experiment, and there were significant differences (P<0.05) among the dietary
groups. The result of the Morphometric characteristics revealed that there was a general increase in the
values of total length, standard length, dorsal width, height and head length of C. gariepinus juveniles.
Also, it was observed that the weight increases as the week of the feeding trial increases, and the treated
groups perform better than the control group. Conclusively, organ index and morphometric characteristics
of C. gariepinus could be improved without harmful effects by the incorporation of medicinal plant
mixture in the diet of C. gariepinus at 0.5% - 3.0% levels of inclusion.
Growth and meat quality of rabbits fed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., var. capitata) leaf residue under different feeding regimes
Authors:
Odunsi, A.A., Haruna, M. A., Alawode, O.A., Adetokunbo, S. O., Oyewale, F.D and Olaosebikan, O.M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 327 – 331
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Growth and meat quality of rabbits fed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., var. capitata) leaf residue under different feeding regimes
With the ever-increasing human population, there is a need for high quality source of animal protein for
human consumption. This study investigated the effect of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., var. capitata) leaf
residue on growth performance and meat quality of rabbits under different feeding regimes. A total of 30
rabbits (6-8 weeks old) weighing between 600-800g of mixed breed and sexes were weighed and randomly
assigned to five (5) dietary treatment groups and six replicates i.e six (6) rabbit growers per treatment in a
completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment A rabbits were fed a control diet with no inclusion of
cabbage leaf residue (CLR). Treatments B and C rabbits were offered cabbage leaf residue extract (CLRE)
at 5ml and 10 mls per litre of drinking water respectively. Rabbits in Treatments D and E were fed 50 g and
100 g CLR per kg diet respectively. The rabbits were offered feed and water ad-libitum for the six weeks
experimental duration during which their performance and meat quality were evaluated. Findings showed
no significant effect (P>0.05) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and
average water intake in rabbits fed CLR in feed or offered CLRE in water. The meat quality parameters
were significantly influenced (P<0.05). Meat from rabbits fed 50 g CLR had the highest crude protein
(26.49%) and ash (4.18%) but lowest ether extract (7.10%) while meat from rabbits fed control diet had the
least dry matter content. It could be concluded that the inclusion of cabbage leaf residue either in feed or
water had no adverse effect on performance and meat quality of growing rabbits.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF A COMMERCIAL GROWTH PROMOTER AND TWO PHYTO-ADDITIVES ON PERFOMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GROWING RABBITS
Authors:
OJEBIYI, O.O., FATOKI, H. O., ABIOYE, M. A., OLADAPE, A. P., OLOSUNDE, T. D., AND ADEGBITE, F. M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 322 – 326
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COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF A COMMERCIAL GROWTH PROMOTER AND TWO PHYTO-ADDITIVES ON PERFOMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GROWING RABBITS
Commercial growth promoters, such as antibiotics and hormones, are used to enhance growth rates
and improve feed efficiency in rabbits. However, concerns about antibiotic resistance, residue
accumulation, and potential health risks have led to increase interest in alternative growth promoters
like phyto-additives. This study investigated the effects of a commercial growth promoter (Nufocare)
and two phyto-additives (breadfruit leaf and breadnut leaf) on the performance and blood profile of
growing rabbits. Thirty (30) growing rabbits of mixed breed and mix sexes were used for the
experiment. The animals were weighed and distributed into five (5) dietary treatments of six (6)
rabbits each, with each rabbit serving as a replicate in a Completely Randomized Design, which lasted
nine weeks. The experimental design consisted of Diet 1 (T1): Control diet, Diet 2: Control diet plus
Nufocare (1g/1kg of feed), Diet 3: Control diet plus breadfruit leaf (6g/1kg of feed), Diet 4: Control
diet plus breadnut leaf (6g/1kg of feed), Diet 5: Control diet plus combination of breadfruit leaf (3g)
and breadnut leaf (3g) (T5). The data collected on performance characteristics and haematological
parameters were analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results showed that dietary treatments
has no significant effect on the final live weight of the rabbits, daily feed intake was significantly
lower (P<0.05) in rabbits fed diet containing phyto-additive (T3–T5). Feed-to-gain ratios were more
favourable in T2 (8.34) and T5 (8.89), compared to the control diet (10.62), indicating improved feed
efficiency with the use of Nufocare and combination of breadnut and breadfruit leaves meal. However,
combination of breadfruit and breadnut leaf had the highest white blood cell count (WBC), which
could indicate a possible enhancement in immune response. These findings suggest that phytoadditives could be viable alternatives to commercial growth promoters in rabbit production.
THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PIG AND POULTRY PRODUCTION AS WELL AS ITS RESIDUAL IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors:
Ehielu, R.O., Ajayi, H. I., Okuna, R., Ilaboya, I.I., Imouokhome, J.I., Olayemi U.O
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 317 – 321
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THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PIG AND POULTRY PRODUCTION AS WELL AS ITS RESIDUAL IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
The extent and relative impact of antibiotics on human health in developing countries remain poorly
understood due to limited information and inadequate surveillance systems. Therefore, this study focuses
on the use of antibiotics among pig and poultry farmers in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. A total of 50
pig and poultry farmers participated in this study. Data were collected using well-structured questionnaires
on socio-economic characteristics of respondents, reasons for administering antibiotics to piglets and
poultry, the types of antibiotics used, farmers' knowledge or awareness regarding the use of antibiotics, and
AMR. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and were analysed using SPSS. The results
showed that most farmers administer antibiotics to their birds and pigs. The most commonly used antibiotics
by farmers are sulfonamides and tetracyclines, and approximately 75% of farmers are unaware of antibiotic
resistance. This improper use of antibiotics over time could lead to antibiotic residues in animal products
and the development of antibiotic resistance in pigs and poultry. Farmers need to be educated about the
dangers of indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
INSECURITY, A THREAT TO POULTRY PRODUCTION: A STUDY OF WUKARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors:
Iyawa, Phielamilo Dogo, Nayaya, Abahuraira Garba, J, Nyameh
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 314 – 316
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INSECURITY, A THREAT TO POULTRY PRODUCTION: A STUDY OF WUKARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the impact of insecurity on poultry production in Wukari Local Government Area
of Taraba State, Nigeria. Using a random sample of 180 poultry farmers across six wards, 166 valid
responses were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistic showed significant relationships between
insecurity and factors such as flock size, breed, income, and level of damage. The findings revealed that
ethno-religious conflict, herders-farmers clashes, and weak security systems threaten livelihoods. The study
recommends strengthening local peace efforts and improving insecurity interventions to safeguard poultry
farming.
INFLUENCE OF SCROTAL BIPARTITION ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF UDA RAMS
Authors:
Ahmed, B., Mijinyawa, A., Abubakar, A., Adewuyi, F.J. and Ubangari, M.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 309 – 313
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INFLUENCE OF SCROTAL BIPARTITION ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF UDA RAMS
Scrotal bipartition is a condition where the scrotum is divided into two separate compartments which
potentially influence sperm quality in rams due to its impact on testicular thermoregulation and function
and feedback mechanisms within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This condition can have
implications for reproductive health, thermoregulation, and overall fertility in rams. The study evaluated
the influence of scrotal bipartition on semen characteristics in Uda rams. The experiment was carried out
at the Animal Health and Production Department Research and Demonstration Farm in the Small
Ruminant Unit of the Federal Polytechnic Bauchi following standard management protocol. Twelve (12)
Uda rams aged 1 to 1.5 years consisting of Six (6 each) rams with scrotal bipartion (SB group) and nonscrotal bipartition (NB group) were studied. Semen was collected from the rams using electro ejaculator
and analyzed for gross and microscopic characteristics. The result of semen parameter showed that there
was no significant difference (p>0.05) in sperm volume, motility and livability between both groups,
however, SB yielded higher values in volume (0.88mL), motility (66.50%) and livability (74.50%)
compared to the NB (vol. (0.87mL), motility (62.5%) and livability (72.50%)). It was concluded that
scrotal bipartition in rams was shown to be an evolutionary indicator as the animals with this
characteristic presented more efficient heat dissipation to maintaining optimal spermatogenesis for
production of quality semen for normal reproductive function and overall fertility. Therefore, monitoring
of semen quality can be useful for assessing reproductive health and fertility in Uda rams.
ORGAN PHYSIOLOGY AND TISSUE DEVELOPMENT OF RABBITS BUCKS FED CLOVE (syzygium aromaticum) AS A PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVE
Authors:
Okocha N.L., Udo Herbert and Urom S.M.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 305 – 308
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ORGAN PHYSIOLOGY AND TISSUE DEVELOPMENT OF RABBITS BUCKS FED CLOVE (syzygium aromaticum) AS A PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVE
This study investigates inclusion level of Syzygium aromaticum as a phytogenic feed additive to enhance
organ physiology and tissue development in rabbit bucks. Thirty-six (36) rabbits bucks 2–3 months old,
average weight (600–650 g) were allotted into four dietary treatments (T1: 0 g, T2: 5 g, T3: 7.5 g, T4: 10
g clove/kg diet) in a completely randomized design. Data on growth traits, carcass yield, and relative organ
weights were analyzed using ANOVA. Carcass characteristics showed significantly higher slaughter weight
(2053.47 g) and carcass weight (1806.80 g) in T3, Significant (p < 0.05) differences occurred in the heart,
kidneys, spleen, stomach, and intestines, particularly at T4, while liver and lung weights were not
significantly affected. Relative heart weight was highest in T4 (0.25%). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of
S. aromaticum at 7.5 g/kg optimized growth and carcass physiology in buck rabbits, supporting its use as
a natural feed additive for sustainable rabbit production.
BREED VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RED SOKOTO AND WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS IN MUBI ADAMAWA STATE NIGERIA
Authors:
Clement, E., Egwebuike J.U., Addass P.A., Agboola, T. B., Abdullahi S., Onwih E. E.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 300 – 304
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BREED VARIATION IN REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RED SOKOTO AND WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS IN MUBI ADAMAWA STATE NIGERIA
This study was undertaken to determine breed variation in reproductive characteristics of Red Sokoto (RS)
and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in Mubi a northern guinea savannah climatic zone. Two hundred
goats comprising 50 bucks and 50 does of each breed between the ages of twelve and forty-eight months
were randomly sampled at the Mubi slaughter house between May and July 2012. Live weight, age and
body condition score were determined. Gonadal and epididymal sperm reserves were determined using
homogenate and histological methods. Ovaries were examined for mature follicles and or corpus luteum
using magnifying lens. Data collected were analyzed. Result shows significant (p<0.05) effect of breed and
age on epididymal weights and volume between the breeds, Red Sokoto had higher (15.57g) epididymal
weight and volume (15.17cm3
) as compared to WAD which had 13.19g and 12.70cm3
for epididymal weight
and volume respectively. There were significant (p<0.01) correlation between weights and volume of all
segments of right and left epididymis. No significant breed difference was observed between Red Sokoto
and WAD does on the reproductive parameters examined
REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSE OF HYLA RABBIT DOE GROUPS TO SUPPLEMENTATION WITH ASCORBIC ACID UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors:
Ibiwoye, K.O., Iyeghe-Erakpotobor, G.T. and Bankole, A.S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 296 – 299
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REPRODUCTIVE RESPONSE OF HYLA RABBIT DOE GROUPS TO SUPPLEMENTATION WITH ASCORBIC ACID UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Reproductive performance of Hyla rabbit does with the effect of dietary supplementation of ascorbic
acid (vitamin C) was studied under sub-humid tropical environment. A total of 81 rabbit does comprising
of 35 multiparous pure New Zealand White (Parents) and 46 primiparous F1 progenies of the parents (31
pure New Zealand White and 15 cross Californian x New Zealand White F1) were used for the study.
Ascorbic acid (AA) was included in the diets of the rabbits at levels of 0 (control), 200, 300 and 400 mg
AA/kg feed. The hormonal response, doe and litter performance as well as doe and kit mortality were
determined weekly for 14 weeks with a 2-week adjustment period. Ascorbic acid did not significantly
(P>0.05) improve progesterone and estradiol concentrations as well as doe and litter size and weight
parameters. However, there was numerical increase in the pregnancy and kindling rates in the rabbit does
supplemented at 200 mg/kg level. Ascorbic acid did not significantly reduce doe and kit mortality. Based
on these findings, ascorbic acid might be supplemented at 200 mg/kg level in order to reduce the adverse
effect of high ambient temperature and improve reproductive and productive performance of rabbits in
the tropics.
HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF GROWING AND ADULT RABBITS FED DIETS CONTAINING CHICKEN FAECAL SLURRY
Authors:
Adetunji, P. O., Olufemi, I. R. and Ola, S. I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 291 – 295
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HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF GROWING AND ADULT RABBITS FED DIETS CONTAINING CHICKEN FAECAL SLURRY
Chicken faecal slurry is a new potential non-conventional feedstuff on trial, whose effects on rabbit
performance and health have not been adequately investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted in
order to assess the heamatological parameters of growing and adult rabbits offered feeds containing
chicken faecal slurry. In a completely randomized design, a total of 36 growing (7 weeks old) and 36
adults (20 weeks old) rabbits were allotted to four experimental diets with varying levels of chicken
faecal slurry: 0% (control), 5%, 7.5% and 10% for growing rabbits; 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15%
for adult rabbits. Each treatment subdivided into 3 replicates with 3 animals per replicate consisted of
9 rabbits. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and data were collected on blood profile such as packed
cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelets, haemoglobin (Hb) and
WBC differential counts, following blood collection at the end of the experiment. Results revealed that,
all the blood parameters recorded were within the normal range. For growing rabbits, except for
heterophil (47-33% - 55.00%, p = 0.030), there was no treatment effect (p>0.05) on all other blood
parameters. Meanwhile, for the adult rabbits, notable effects (p≤0.05) of diets were recorded in all the
parameters except platelets (110.00×103
/l – 112.67×103
/l, p = 0.425). It can be concluded that,
supplementing diets of growing and adult rabbits with feed containing chicken faecal slurry up to 10%
and 15% levels respectively, will not have any deleterious effect on the haematological indices.
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF KIGELIA AFRICANA ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS AND TESTICULAR MORPHOMETRY OF RABBIT BUCKS
Authors:
OGBONNA, I.D., AMAEFULE, B.C., OKENGWU, C.J., UMEUGOKWE, P.I., NNADOZIE, C.O., UZOCHUKWU, I.E., ALI, L.C., OBINNA, A.L., ANIZOBA, N.W., UGWU, C.M., CHUKWUDI, P., ONUORAH, S.I., ONYIMONYI, A.E., NDOFOR-FOLENG, H.M., AND MACHEBE, N.S.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 286 – 290
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EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF KIGELIA AFRICANA ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS AND TESTICULAR MORPHOMETRY OF RABBIT BUCKS
The study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with Kigelia africana (sausage tree) fruit
powder on semen characteristics and testicular morphometry of rabbit bucks. Twenty grower rabbits (10–
12 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with five animals each in a completely
randomized design. Diets were formulated with 0 g/kg (control), 3 g/kg, 6 g/kg, and 9 g/kg of K. africana
fruit powder. After 12 weeks of feeding, semen was collected using an artificial vagina and analyzed for
semen volume, motility, viability, and concentration. Testicular morphometry was also assessed. Results
revealed significant (p<0.05) improvements in semen volume, live sperm percentage, and sperm
concentration in the supplemented groups, particularly at 6 g/kg (T2) and 9 g/kg (T3), compared with the
control. Testicular parameters, including left testis weight, width, and length, were also significantly
higher in supplemented groups. However, the highest inclusion level (9 g/kg) showed signs of reduced
benefit in some traits. The findings indicate that moderate supplementation with K. Africana (6 g/kg feed)
optimally enhances semen quality and testicular morphometry in rabbit bucks, suggesting its potential as
a phytogenic feed additive in rabbit production.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MALE RABBIT FED GRADED LEVELS OF FERMENTED AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN (Parkia biglobosa) MEAL
Authors:
Mandabsu, S. E., Adamu, S., Haruna, H. M. and Nuratu, A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 282 – 285
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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MALE RABBIT FED GRADED LEVELS OF FERMENTED AFRICAN LOCUST BEAN (Parkia biglobosa) MEAL
The experiment was conducted at rabbitry farm of the Bauchi state College of Agriculture to investigate
the effects of Fermented African Locust Bean Meal (FALBM) on physiological responses of male rabbits.
Presented in a completely randomized design and lasted for a period of 8 weeks. Five dietary treatment
levels were formulated and allotted to the experimental animals as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Each treatment
was replicated four times, with two rabbits per unit which make a total number of 40 experimental bucks.
The buck weight from 1.5-2.5 kg. The experimental diets were fed twice a day (morning and evening).
Clean drinking water was provided ad-libitum. The data obtained were analyzed using sample t-test of
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The values of PVC, HB and WBC have shown no
significance difference (P > 0.05). Serum biochemistry values observed were similar and within normal
range of 45.0 to 122 g/L. In conclusion, the FALBM can be included in the male rabbit diet for the overall
improvement of their biochemical parameters such as lymphocyte, basophil, respectively. Therefore,
FALBM is recommended at 100 % level of inclusion for better physiological responses of male rabbits
without detrimental effect.
EFFECT OF Hibiscus sabdariffa CALYX ON THE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES OF LAYING HENS
Authors:
Olabisi ADEYEMI, Oluwatoyosi, Ruth FASIKU, and Oluwasayope I. ALLI
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 278 – 281
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EFFECT OF Hibiscus sabdariffa CALYX ON THE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES OF LAYING HENS
This study evaluated the effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx supplementation on reproductive
hormones of laying hens for 56 days. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with varying levels of
roselle calyx supplemented at 0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% respectively. Sixty Isa Brown layers were
divided into 4 groups of 15 birds each and randomly assigned to the four experimental diets in a
completely randomized design (CRD). Each group was sub-divided into 3 replicates of five birds
each and each replicate housed in a pen. Feed and water were provided ad libitum four 8 weeks.
Blood samples collected before and after 6 weeks of feeding the experimental diets were analyzed for
LH, FSH, cortisol and estradiol using the standard protocols of (ELISA) kit. The results showed that
dietary supplementation with Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on FSH
and cortisol but significantly impacted LH and estradiol concentration (p < 0.05). The highest LH
level was observed in birds fed 1.5% supplementation, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than
in those given 3%. The control and 4.5% groups were similar (p > 0.05) to both 1.5% and 3% levels
of supplementation. For FSH, the peak concentration was obtained in birds fed 3% Hibiscus
sabdariffa, while the 1.5% and 4.5% groups were comparable (p > 0.05) to the control. Cortisol
concentration was highest (p > 0.05) in the control group, whereas birds fed 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5%
Hibiscus sabdariffa had similar (p > 0.05) values. Estradiol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05)
in the control and 3% groups, while the 1.5% and 4.5% treatments resulted in similar lower values (p
> 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing the diets of laying hens with Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx had no
deleterious effect on FSH, LH and cortisol but slightly decreased the concentration of the estradiol.
TESTICULAR, EPIDIDYMAL BIOMETRY AND GONODAL SPERM RESERVES OF RED SOKOTO BUCKS FED WHOLE COTTONSEED AND COTTONSEED CAKE DIETS
Authors:
Bishir, B.B., Alhabib, I.K., Iyeghe-Erakpotobor, G. T and Adamu. S
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 273 – 277
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TESTICULAR, EPIDIDYMAL BIOMETRY AND GONODAL SPERM RESERVES OF RED SOKOTO BUCKS FED WHOLE COTTONSEED AND COTTONSEED CAKE DIETS
The study was conducted to evaluate testicular, epididymal biometry, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm
reserves of Red Sokoto bucks fed graded levels of whole cottonseed and cottonseed cake diets. A total of
twenty-four (24) healthy Red Sokoto bucks were used and randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a
completely randomized design. The treatments contained 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels of either whole
cottonseed (WCS) or cottonseed cake (CSC) in the diets fed to the bucks over a period of 98 days after a
14-day adjustment period. The results showed that bucks fed CSC had significantly (P<0.05) higher testis
length, caput weight and cauda weight than those fed WCS. Bucks fed 30% diets with cottonseed
products (WCS and CSC) had significantly higher testicular weight and corpus weights than those fed 10
and 20% levels of cottonseed products. The parameters decreased with increasing levels of WCS but
increased with increasing levels of CSC. It was therefore concluded that bucks fed diets with CSC
performed better than WCS and that up to 20% of CSC can be fed to breeding bucks whereas WCS
should not be fed to breeding bucks except at very low levels (10%) as it negatively affects gonadal and
extra-gonadal sperm reserves of Red Sokoto bucks.
Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Supplemented in Drinking Water on Hematological Indices and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens
Authors:
Obinna, A. L., Dim, C.E., Onoduogo O.M., and Anizoba, N. W.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 268 – 272
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Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Supplemented in Drinking Water on Hematological Indices and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens
This study investigated the hematological effects of turmeric supplementation in broiler chickens. An 8
weeks trial was carried out using a total of 144 broiler chickens to evaluate the Effect of aqueous extract of
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) (AET) on Hematological Indices and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens.
The broiler chickens were brooded for two weeks and then randomly assigned to four treatment groups in
a completely randomized design (CRD), with each treatment replicated four times with each treatment
containing thirty- six birds. The turmeric extract was prepared by dissolution of 45 g of turmeric powder in
300 mL of warm water for 1 hour. Results showed that aqueous extract of turmeric significantly affected
blood platelets, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and neutrophil counts (p < 0.05),
reflecting turmeric’s immunomodulatory and haematological influence. However, other measured
parameters, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (HB), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC),
mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), lymphocytes, and eosinophils
were not significantly altered (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the study observed that turmeric selectively
modulates certain immune and blood quality indices in broilers without negatively impacting overall
erythrocyte or leukocyte profiles. The immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of turmeric could
underlie these effects, supporting its potential as a beneficial dietary additive in poultry production.
Effects of Supplemental Vitamin C and E on Serum Antioxidant Enzymes and Malondialdehyde Concentration in Improved Fulani Ecotype Chickens
Authors:
Omodewu I. A., Daramola J. O., Abiona. J. A., Ilori B. M., Akinjute O. F., Tiamiyu A. K., Makanjuola B. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 263 – 267
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Effects of Supplemental Vitamin C and E on Serum Antioxidant Enzymes and Malondialdehyde Concentration in Improved Fulani Ecotype Chickens
This study evaluated the effect of supplemental vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) used solely and in
combination on one hundred and forty-four improved Fulani ecotype chickens. The birds were grouped
into four dietary treatments (control, VE (125mg/kg alpha tocopherol acetate), VC (200mg/kg ascorbic
acid) and VC+VE) and managed intensively. At eight weeks, three birds per sex per replicate were
randomly picked for blood sampling to determine malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) and
serum antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutate (SOD) and glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) using validated analytical laboratory protocols. Analysed data revealed that
lowest MDA (P<0.05) was recorded in VC+VE (2.75nmol/ml) compared to control (5.93nmol/ml), VC
(4.52nmol/ml) and VE (4.01nmol/ml). Serum antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also elevated in VC+VE (110.06U/ml, 151U/ml) respectively
compared to control (69.09U/ml, 121.89U/ml). Supplemental VC and VE increased (p<0.05) serum
SOD (97.32U/ml, 102.31U/ml) and GPx (141.85U/ml, 143.64U/ml) activity respectively but not as
much as VC+CE. Similarly, increased CAT activity (p0.05). It can be concluded from this study
that a combination of VC and VE in the diet of IFEC resulted in better serum antioxidant enzymes
levels and malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) which alleviates the negative effects of thermal stress
in IFEC.
RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT AND HEART FUNCTION PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
Authors:
OWEN, O. J & JOEL, E. I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 258 – 262
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RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHT AND HEART FUNCTION PARAMETERS OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the relative organ weight and heart function of broiler chickens
administered Bryophyllum pinnatum (life plant) aqueous extract. Plant samples used were cleaned,
washed and then 400 g of crushed samples was soaked in 4 litres of distilled water for 24 hours at room
temperature. The extract was filtered using a muslin cloth, placed in airtight containers and refrigerated
at 4°C prior to usage. Using a completely randomized design, 120 Ross 308 broiler chickens were
randomly allotted to four treatment groups: T1, T2, T3 and T4 containing 0 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 30
ml/litre of water respectively, each replicated thrice containing ten (10) birds. At the end of the
experiment, organ and blood samples were collected from 1 bird randomly selected from each replicate
to determine the organ weight and proportion. Biochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the impact
of Bryophyllum pinnatum on the functionality of the heart of broiler chickens. Dressed weight and
weight of organs determined across the experimental groups showed no significance (P>0.05) except
kidney which was significantly different (P<0.05) across treatments. Heart function biomarkers showed
that total cholesterol, total glyceride, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein were
significantly different (P0.05). It can be concluded that among the different
inclusion levels administered, Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract is best at 30 ml/l as it exhibits
hypolipidaemic properties which is beneficial to the broiler chickens.
HEPATIC AND RENAL FUNCTION INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
Authors:
JOEL, E. I. and OWEN, O. J
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 252 – 257
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HEPATIC AND RENAL FUNCTION INDICES OF BROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED LIFE PLANT (Bryophyllum pinnatum) AQUEOUS EXTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the hepatic and renal functions of broiler chickens administered
Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract (BPAE). Plant samples used were properly cleaned, crushed
and 400 g of crushed samples was soaked in 4 litres of distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours.
The extract was filtered using a muslin cloth, placed in airtight containers and refrigerated at 4°C prior
to usage. Using a completely randomized design, 120 broiler chickens were randomly selected into four
groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 (0 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 30 ml/litre of water respectively), each replicated
thrice containing 10 birds. Blood samples were collected from 1 bird randomly selected from each
replicate to determine the effect of BPAE on hepatic and renal functions. Liver biomarkers of broiler
chickens indicated a significant difference (P<0.05) across treatment groups for all parameters (AST,
ALT, ALP, TP, ALB, TB and CB) except GGT and LDH. T2 (10 ml/l) is the only group showing
biochemical evidence of hepatic stress as opposed to T3 and T4 (20 and 30 ml/l, respectively). Kidney
biomarkers (UR and CR) levels of birds administered 20 ml/l and 30 ml/l of BPAE were decreased
when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Mean serum electrolyte (Na, HCO3, Ca and Cl) levels
of birds in the treatment groups containing varying levels of BPAE were higher (P<0.05) than the
control group. It can therefore be opined that T4 produced a better level of liver and kidney function
biomarkers in broiler chickens.
INFLUENCE OF TURMERIC RHIZOME (Curcuma longa) POWDER ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS AT FINISHING PHASE
Authors:
Oladeji, D.D., Ibrahim, I.K., Olanrewaju, A., Amusan, E.T. and Adesoba, M.E.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 247 – 251
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INFLUENCE OF TURMERIC RHIZOME (Curcuma longa) POWDER ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS AT FINISHING PHASE
An eight weeks’ study was conducted to determine the effect of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa)
supplementation on the histopathological changes of broilers chicken at finishing phase. A total of 120 one
day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five dietary treatments of three replicates
each and eight birds per replicate in completely randomized design. Turmeric powder was added to basal
diets at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% to T2, T3 and T4 respectively while T1 and T5 were basal diets with and
without oxytetracyclines (100 g/tonne) respectively. Thereafter, one broiler/replicate were humanely
slaughtered in accordance with animal welfare guidelines and tissues of the liver were promptly collected
into formalin for histopathology examination. Clearing and impregnation were done using xylene and
paraffin wax respectively. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; and examined using a light
microscope. Slight to serious toxic effects were observed in T1 to T4 while T5 revealed improvement in
the liver status of the concerned birds as indicated by the presence of no cytoplasmic vacuoles, congestion
nor visible lesion. This could probably be linked to the oxytetracycline and turmeric free diet, served to the
birds. Also, turmeric supplementation of broilers diet at 0.5% (T2), 1.0% (T3) and 1.5% (T4) in this present
experiment caused a significant reduction in damage done to the liver of the experimental birds fed when
compared with birds on T1 (basal diet + 100 g/tonne oxytetracycline). Therefore, this study concludes that
turmeric rhizome supplementation in broiler chickens reduce the level of damage on the liver due to its
hepatoprotective activity
Production metrics and morphological indices of Yankasa rams supplemented with synthetic selenium and vitamin E
Authors:
Bukar, A.I., Idris, D., Aji, A. M. and Sani, I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 243 – 246
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Production metrics and morphological indices of Yankasa rams supplemented with synthetic selenium and vitamin E
This study investigated the effects of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) supplementation on feed
utilization and morphometry of Yankasa rams. Sixteen yearling rams (average 22.5 kg) were randomly
assigned to four dietary treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for nine weeks: T1
(control), T2 (0.6 mg Se), T3 (0.6 mg Se + 2 g Vit. E), and T4 (2 g Vit. E). Supplements were delivered
daily via 50 g wheat offal. Feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and morphometric
traits (withers height, chest circumference, body length, scrotal circumference) were measured and
analyzed using SAS (2004). Results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments
for growth performance or morphometry. However, the Se + Vit. E group recorded a numerically
lower FCR, while the Vit. E group had the highest withers height increase. These trends suggest
possible antioxidant support for growth, though effects were marginal within the study period. It was
concluded that supplementation with Se (0.6 mg/day) and Vit. E (2 g/day) did not significantly
improve growth or morphometry of Yankasa rams, but slight numerical advantages indicate potential
benefits under different conditions, warranting further investigation with larger sample sizes and
longer durations.
OVARIAN MORPHOMETRY OF NOILER, NIGERIAN HEAVY ECOTYPE CHICKEN AND THEIR CROSSES GIVEN VARYING AQUEOUS LEVELS OF NEEM LEAF AND GINGER ROOT EXTRACTS
Authors:
N. W. Anizoba, C. M. Ugwu, C. Ezenwosu, B. C. Amaefule, A. L. Obinna, H.O. Edeh, C. C.
Nwoga, E. O. Onu, J. I. Ugwuoke, S. O. C. Ugwu and N. S. Machebe
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 238 – 242
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OVARIAN MORPHOMETRY OF NOILER, NIGERIAN HEAVY ECOTYPE CHICKEN AND THEIR CROSSES GIVEN VARYING AQUEOUS LEVELS OF NEEM LEAF AND GINGER ROOT EXTRACTS
The effect of neem and ginger extracts on the ovarian morphometry of Noiler, Nigerian Heavy Ecotype
chickens and their crossbred was investigated. A total of 180 sixteen week old chicken from 3 genetic
groups consisting; 60 hens from a cross between Noiler cocks × Noiler (NN) hens, 60 hens from a cross
between Heavy Ecotype cocks × Heavy Ecotype (HH) hens and 60 hens from a cross between Noiler cocks
× Heavy Ecotype (NH) hen were used for the study. Birds from each genotype were randomly assigned to
four treatments with 15 birds per treatment: T1 (control, no extract), T2 (200 ml neem), T3 (200 ml ginger)
and T4 (100 ml neem + 100 ml ginger). Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) effects of genotype, treatment
and their interaction on ovarian morphometric parameters including age at sexual maturity (ASM), body
weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), egg weight at sexual maturity (EWSM), ovary weights, oviduct weights
and follicular development traits. Noiler birds on GE200 and NE100+GE100 had the best reproductive
performance with significantly earliest ASM, heaviest reproductive organs and highest follicle counts. Main
cross birds on GE200 also showed marked improvements in ovarian development, performing better than
HH birds across most traits. Heavy Ecotype birds recorded the lowest ovarian weights and highest postovulatory follicle (POF) counts with minimal response to treatment. Based on the findings, GE200 and
NE100+GE100 were most effective in improving ovarian morphometry and reproductive performance in
Noiler and Main cross genotypes without deleterious effects.
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN FED OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum) AND TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) AS ADDITIVE
Authors:
Adeniran, A. O., Oladunjoye, I. O. and Tanimowo, I. O
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 234 – 237
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HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF BROILER CHICKEN FED OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum) AND TURMERIC (Curcuma longa) AS ADDITIVE
An eight weeks experiment assessed the impact of black pepper and turmeric additive (in ratio 1:1) on
haematological and serum biochemical characteristics of broiler chicken. Four diets containing 0%, 0.25%,
0.50%, and 0.75% of the additive were fed to one hundred and sixty (160) 1-day old Ross 308 chicks
equally and randomly allotted into four dietary treatments of 40 birds/treatment in Completely Randomized
Design with each treatments consisting 4 replicates. Data collected were: white blood cell counts (WBC),
red blood cell counts (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV), mean
corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin
concentration (MCHC), platelets, total protein, globulin, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Data collected
were analyzed by One-way analysis of variance using SPSS. Results revealed that dietary treatments had
no effect on WBC, RBC, PCV, HGB, MCV, platelets, TP, albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, urea and
creatinine except MCH, MCHC, ALP and cholesterol. All the birds fed the phyto-additives had similar
MCHC values with the control. Birds fed 0.25% and 0.5% combination of the additives also had similar
MCH with the control while those given 0.75% had lower (P < 0.05) value than the control. Cholesterol
was lower (P <0.05) in birds fed combination of additives than in the control group. In conclusion, addition
of combination of turmeric and black pepper reduced the serum cholesterol level of broiler chicken without
any negative effect on broiler chicken blood composition.
PREVALENCE AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM CATTLE FAECES AND BEEF IN OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA
Authors:
Rom-Kalilu, F. A., Ogunyemi, M. O.
, Babatunde, I. A.
, Ojeyinka, A. P.
, Akanbi, T. P.
,
Oguntunde, D. O.
, Ajiboye, O. S.
, Ahmed, S. O.
, Hammed, O. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 229 – 233
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PREVALENCE AND MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM CATTLE FAECES AND BEEF IN OGBOMOSO, NIGERIA
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria pose a significant threat to sustainable livestock production and present
a serious risk to public health. This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance
profiles of Salmonella in slaughter cattle faeces and retail beef in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A total of 150
faecal and 50 beef samples were collected from the central slaughter facility and beef market. Fortyfour isolates were recovered from the 200 samples, with prevalence rates of 18.7% and 32% in faecal
and beef samples, respectively. Susceptibility of the isolates to six antibiotics was determined using the
Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. All isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, with multidrug
resistance detected in 87.5% of beef isolates and 75% of faecal isolates. Resistance to oxytetracycline,
ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin was particularly high across both sources. Nineteen distinct resistance
patterns were observed, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index ranged from 0.3-1.0. These findings
suggest that apparently healthy cattle and beef may disseminate multidrug-resistant salmonella,
urgently calling for rational antimicrobial use and controlled access in production systems and
strengthened food safety measures in slaughter facilities.
EFFECT OF Jatropha tanjorensis LEAF EXTRACT ON SEMEN QUALITIES AND BLOOD PROFILE OF COCHIN BIRDS
Authors:
Onodugo, M.O., Eze, O.F., Ogwuegbu, M.C., Edeh H.O and Udeh, F.U.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 225 – 228
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EFFECT OF Jatropha tanjorensis LEAF EXTRACT ON SEMEN QUALITIES AND BLOOD PROFILE OF COCHIN BIRDS
The study was conducted using Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract to assess the effect on semen qualities,
haematology and serum biochemical indices of Cochin birds reared in University of Nigeria Nsukka. A
total of 72 sixteen weeks Cochin birds comprising 12 cocks and 60 hens were used for this experiment. The
birds were randomly divided into 4 treatments (T1 to T4) of 18 birds each serving as 0ml, 5ml, 10ml and
15ml leave extract, respectively. Semen and blood were collected from different treatments after eight
weeks and analyzed. The result on semen qualities shows significant differences (P < 0.05) in all the
parameters except semen pH that was not significant (P > 0.05). The percentage of the active cell, Normal
cell and sperm concentration were highest in T1 (66.67%, 76.67% and 72.67% respectively). There was
also significant (P < 0.05) differences in haematological blood platelets in which T3 and T4 were the best
(326.67 and 320.00). The result on serum biochemical indices revealed that T4 was the best in Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphate (ALP) with 15.33, 13.67
and 28.33, respectively. It could be concluded from this study that while the addition of Jatropha
tanjorensis leaf extract at this level hampers the semen qualities of Cochin birds, it enhances some of their
blood profile parameters. Therefore, 0ml extract is recommended for optimum expression of cochin semen
Effects of Feeding Synthetic and Natural Anti-oxidant (African Locust Lean, Boabab and Iron Wood Pulp) in Ameliorating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens at Finisher Phase
Authors:
Lawan Adamu, Aminu Maidala and Sudik Samuel David
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 219 – 224
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Effects of Feeding Synthetic and Natural Anti-oxidant (African Locust Lean, Boabab and Iron Wood Pulp) in Ameliorating Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens at Finisher Phase
Heat stress exerts high deteriorating impact on the poultry industry which could be ameliorated by dietary
incorporation of synthetic vitamin C. Certain herbs either alone or in combination thereof are also a rich
source of ascorbic acid in natural form. Gashua is located in the semi-arid zones with temperature ranges
of 38-43oC especially in the months of March up to June/July which make survival and production much
difficult to poultry especially broilers chickens as it was found that high ambient temperatures above 380C
feed consumption, growth rate, feed efficiency, survivability, egg production and egg quality tends to
decline. In order to address the problem of heat stress, an experiment was conducted in the month of
March/April to determine the effect of synthetic ascorbic-acid (vitamin C), natural ascorbic from Baobab,
African Locust Bean and Prosopis Africana Pulp was administer in drinking water and basal diets adlibitum. 300 day old marshal breed chicks were used for this experiment which was divided into five
treatment group with 20 birds per replicate which designated as zero, Synthetic Ascorbic Acid 40g/L,
Baobab Pulp 40g/L, African Locust Pulp 40g/L and Iron Wood Pulp 40g/L for T1, T2 T3 T4 and T5
respectively. The experiment was lasted for eight weeks (four weeks each for the starter and finisher). Data
collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS 2002 soft wire and significant
difference observed means were separated using Duncan multiple range test. The result revealed that bird
on control diet were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered in terms total and daily weight gain and feed efficiency
but significantly (p < 0.05) higher in terms feed intake, water intake, rectal temperature and mortality. This
study concluded that ascorbic acid increased broiler performance and reduced mortality under high
temperature thereby maintain the sustainability of broiler production to bridge the gap of animal protein
deficit in the hot arid zone. Reduce the number of words to <250
EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM BICARBONATE ON INTESTINAL HISTOMORPHOMETRY IN BROILER CHICKENS UNDER HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors:
Fasasi, L.O., Abiona, J.A., Majekodunmi, B.C. and Abioja, M.O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 215 – 219
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EFFECT OF DIETARY SODIUM BICARBONATE ON INTESTINAL HISTOMORPHOMETRY IN BROILER CHICKENS UNDER HUMID TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Heat stress causes morphological alterations and mucosal damage in the intestines of chickens. Sodium
bicarbonate (SBC) has been noted to improve intestinal growth. Effect of dietary SBC on intestinal
histomorphometry was determined in broiler chickens. A total of two hundred (200) day-old commercial
broiler chicks (Ross 308) was divided into 5 five treatment groups comprising 4 replicates and 10 birds
per replicate in an experiment that last for 6 weeks. The birds were kept on deep-litter floor in an opensided poultry house and fed ad libitum with either of the 5 diets containing 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g SBC per
kg feed. The harvested small intestines on day 42 were segmented into duodenum, jejunum and ileum
for histomorphometry analysis. In the duodenum, sodium bicarbonate significantly improved villus
height, villus width, muscularis thickness, and the villus height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio (P < 0.05).
However, crypt depth was not significantly affected (P > 0.05). In the ileum, villus height, muscularis
thickness, and VH:CD ratio were significantly influenced by sodium bicarbonate inclusion (P < 0.005),
villus width and crypt depth did not show statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). The jejunum
also responded significantly to sodium bicarbonate supplementation. Villus height, villus width, and
crypt depth were significantly affected (P < 0.005). However, there were no significant differences in
muscularis thickness and VH:CD ratio (P > 0.05). In conclusion, SBC showed a potential in improving
the intestinal mucosa development in broiler chickens. Use 4-6 g/kg SBC in feed to enhance intestinal
structure and potentially improve nutrient absorption.
IMPACT OF BIOCHAR AS AIR PURIFIER ON LUNG RELATIVE WEIGHT AND PULMONARY MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Majekodunmi, B. C., Oyelami, A. M., Adekunle, E. O., Alabi, S. O., Soneye, M. O. and Abioja, M.
O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 211 – 214
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IMPACT OF BIOCHAR AS AIR PURIFIER ON LUNG RELATIVE WEIGHT AND PULMONARY MICROBIOTA OF BROILER CHICKENS
This study investigates the effect of biochar as an air purifier on the relative weights of the lungs and
pulmonary microbiota of broiler chickens. One-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks (n = 112) were
randomly allotted into two treatment groups of 56 birds each: Biochar and Non-biochar (Control). At day
42 of the study, 14 birds per treatment were sacrificed. Lungs were harvested, weighed and the relative
weight was calculated. Lung samples were collected into sterile bottles for microbial analysis. Lower
(p0.05) relative weight of the lungs and total microbial
count in the lungs were observed in birds at both experimental units. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified in the lungs of birds in both experimental groups, while
Proteus spp. was detected only in the lungs of birds in the non-biochar pen. In conclusion, biochar
effectively reduced atmospheric ammonia levels. Although lung relative weights and total microbial
counts were unaffected, the absence of Proteus spp. in birds from the biochar pen suggests a potential role
in limiting the presence of specific pathogenic bacteria.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS RAISED UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors:
Adeyi, E.S., Ayoola, M.O., Oladejo O.A. and Oguntunji A. O.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 207 – 210
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GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS RAISED UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
This study investigated the influence of three rearing systems—battery cage, deep litter, and semiintensive—on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 90 broilers were
randomly allocated into three treatments: Battery Cage Broilers (BC-B), Deep Litter Broilers (DL-B), and
Semi-Intensive Broilers (SE-B), each replicated three times with ten birds per replicate. Growth
performance parameters measured included initial and final body weight, weight gain, average daily and
weekly weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE). Feed and water
were provided ad libitum, and feed intake was measured using a weighing scale. At the conclusion of the
trial, breast meat samples were analyzed for proximate composition (moisture, crude protein, ether extract,
ash, and crude fibre). Results showed that broilers in battery cage and deep litter systems achieved
significantly higher (p<0.05) final body weight, feed intake, and growth rates compared with semi-intensive
broilers. Battery cage broilers recorded the most efficient FCR and FE (p<0.05). Proximate analysis
revealed that semi-intensive broilers (meat) had significantly higher crude protein and fibre content
(p<0.05), while battery cage broilers (breast meat) exhibited the highest moisture and fat levels. Ash
(mineral) content was highest in semi-intensive birds (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate that rearing
system significantly affects broiler productivity and meat quality, with intensive systems maximizing yield,
while semi-intensive systems enhance protein and mineral content.
EFFECT OF LIGHT DURATION ON BEHAVIOURAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors:
Osunleke, P.O., Ayoola, M.O., Adeleye B. O., Alabi O. M., and Lawal T. E.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 203 – 206
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EFFECT OF LIGHT DURATION ON BEHAVIOURAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS
Light duration is a crucial environmental factor influencing welfare, behaviour, and productivity in broiler
production. This study investigated the effects of varying light durations (12, 16, 20, and 24 h) on growth
performance and behavioural responses of Arbor acres broiler chickens over eight weeks. The experiment
was designed in response to welfare concerns in intensive poultry systems where artificial lighting is
commonly used to manipulate activity and growth. A total of 96 day-old chicks were randomly allotted to
four treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with two replicates of 12 birds each, reared
on deep litter. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum, with chicks fed a starter diet from weeks 1–5 and
a finisher diet thereafter. Behavioural parameters including preening, walking, foraging, resting, and
standing were monitored using video recordings to evaluate welfare outcomes. Results showed that
broilers exposed to 12 h of light had significantly higher resting frequencies (p < 0.05), while those under
24 h had the lowest feeding frequency. Birds exposed to 16 and 20 h exhibited improved numerical
weight gain, but no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in growth parameters such as weight
gain and feed conversion ratio. Conclusively, excessive lighting (24 h) compromises welfare, while
moderate durations (16–20 h) optimize behavioural balance, welfare, and productivity, offering
sustainable management recommendations.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS ON SEMEN QUALITY TRAITS OF AMO COCKS IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA
Authors:
Salisu, M. G., Barde, A. M., Getso, M. M., Muhammad, N., Bukar, A. I., Gandi, B. R. and
Muhammad, S. K.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 200 – 202
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SEASONAL VARIATIONS ON SEMEN QUALITY TRAITS OF AMO COCKS IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH OF NIGERIA
This study evaluated the effect of seasonal variation on semen quality characteristics of Amo cocks. Sixty
sexually matured cocks aged 40–45 weeks and weighing 1.8–2.0 kg were used. The experiment was
conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Modibbo Adama University, Yola, across four seasonal
periods: early and late dry seasons, and early and late rainy seasons. Semen was collected using the
abdominal massage technique and analyzed following standard procedures. Results revealed that semen
motility, viability, morphology, count, and density were significantly (p0.05)
affected by season. The findings suggest that rainy seasons offer optimal conditions for improved semen
quality and potential fertility in Amo cocks.
INFLUENCE OF HEAT STRESS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY COWS; A REVIEW
Authors:
N.P. Achia., J.N. Achib., I. Mallamc., P.P. Barjea. and A.B. Zakard
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 195 – 199
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INFLUENCE OF HEAT STRESS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY COWS; A REVIEW
The effects of high ambient temperatures on production animals, once thought to be limited to tropical
areas, has extended into northern latitudes in response to the increasing global temperature. Heat stress
has been identified as one of the major challenges for livestock production. Global temperatures are
steadily increasing, with Nigerian temperatures increasing at nearly twice the global rate. Of the livestock
used for food production, dairy cows are the most sensitive to thermal changes, which have detrimental
effects on their health, welfare, and overall productivity. Heat stress exerts a substantial effect on dairy
production. The temperature and humidity index (THI) is widely used to assess heat stress in dairy
operations. Herein, the review of effects of high temperature and humidity on feed intake and milk
production in dairy cows. Heat stress on dairy cows tends to have effect on feed intake and milk yield by
reducing voluntary feed intake as well as well reducing milk yield and quality.
EFFECT OF AQUEOUS GARLIC EXTRACT ON SEMEN QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF BREEDER COCKS REARED IN HOT HUMID ENVIRONMENT
Authors:
Agboola, T. B., Sokunbi, O. A., Alaba, O., Onwih.E.E., Abdullahi, S, Addass, P. A. and Clement, E.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 190 – 194
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EFFECT OF AQUEOUS GARLIC EXTRACT ON SEMEN QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF BREEDER COCKS REARED IN HOT HUMID ENVIRONMENT
Optimum reproductive efficiency has been hindered by high temperature and relative humidity. This
experiment was carried out to examine the effects of Aqueous Garlic Extracts (AGE) on semen quality and
quantity of breeder cocks. Garlic bulbs (50g) were peeled, blended, made up with water to 100mL and filtered
to obtain AGE. Rhode Island Red breeder cocks (n=54) aged 40 weeks were randomly allotted to six
treatments: ordinary water (T1), served as negative control, 300ppm of Ascorbic Acid-AA (T2), served as
positive control, 1% AGE (T3), 2% AGE (T4), 3% AGE (T5) and 4% AGE (T6) in triplicates of three cocks
each. They were fed diet containing 2,802.01 Kcal/kg metabolisable energy and 20.62% crude protein for 20
weeks. Semen was assessed for its volume (ml), spermatozoa concentration (SC) (x106
/ml), abnormality and
its pH. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05. SC were significantly (p<0.05)
higher in T6 (8.28±0.70) compared to T1 (5.68±0.50), while there were no significant (p<0.05) difference when
compared with T2 (6.57±0.46), T3 (7.69±0.60), T4 (6.93±0.52) and T5 (6.96±0.43). Spermatozoa’s abnormality
at T5 was reduced (p<0.05) significantly (2.67±0.6) compared with that of T1 (9.0±0.8), and not different
(p<0.05) significantly with those of T2 (4.65± 0.9), T3 (4.00±0.7) and T6 (3.3±0.8). Oral administration of AGE
at 3-4% enhanced the quality and quantity of semen
TESTICULAR MORPHOMETRY AND REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES OF RABBIT BUCKS FED DIETARY L-SELENOMETHIONINE AND D-α-TOCOPHEROL
Authors:
Hammed, O.O, Amao, O.A, Ogunbayode, S.T., Rom-kalilu, F.A., Okanlawon, E.O., MattObabu, A.D., Oladimeji, E.O., Olawale, T.M., Haruna, M.A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 186 – 189
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TESTICULAR MORPHOMETRY AND REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES OF RABBIT BUCKS FED DIETARY L-SELENOMETHIONINE AND D-α-TOCOPHEROL
This study evaluated the synergistic effects of dietary L-Selenomethionine and D-α-Tocopherol
supplementation on testicular morphometry and reproductive hormones in rabbit bucks. Twenty 6–7-
week-old weaned male rabbits were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: T1 (Control: basal diet
only), T2 (basal diet + L-Selenomethionine), T3 (basal diet + D-α-Tocopherol), and T4 (basal diet + both
L-Selenomethionine and D-α-Tocopherol). After 12 weeks, testicular morphometry and hormonal profiles
were assessed. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA following the procedures of SAS, and
significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed a
significant increase (P < 0.05) in all testicular parameters and in the concentrations of luteinizing
hormone (LH) and testosterone in T2, T3, and T4 compared to the control (T1), with T4 recording the
highest values. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among the
groups. These findings suggest that the combined supplementation of L-Selenomethionine and D-αTocopherol enhances male reproductive performance in rabbit bucks.
SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT INDICIES OF RABBIT BUCKS FED DIETARY L-SELEMETHIONINE AND D-α-TOCOPHEROL
Authors:
Hammed, O. O., Amao, O. A., Ogunbayode, S. T., Rom-Kalilu, F. A., Okanlawon, E. O., MattObabu, A. D., Alayande, F. T., Adio, D. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 182 – 185
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SPERM CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT INDICIES OF RABBIT BUCKS FED DIETARY L-SELEMETHIONINE AND D-α-TOCOPHEROL
This study evaluated the synergistic effects of dietary L-Selenomethionine and D-α-Tocopherol
supplementation on antioxidant indices, and sperm characteristics in rabbit bucks. Twenty 6–7-week-old
male weaner rabbits were randomly selected to four dietary treatments: T1 (Control: basal diet only), T2
(basal diet + L-Selenomethionine), T3 (basal diet + D-α-Tocopherol), and T4 (basal diet + both LSelenomethionine and D-α-Tocopherol). After 12 weeks, antioxidant indices, and sperm characteristics
were assessed. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA following the procedures of SAS (2006), and
significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed a
significant (p < 0.05) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in
superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) activities in all supplemented groups.
Sperm concentration, motility, viability, and morphology also significantly improved (p < 0.05), while
sperm abnormalities and mortality decreased. The combination of L-Selenomethionine and D-αTocopherol (T4) yielded the best outcomes, indicating their potential synergistic role in mitigating oxidative
stress and enhancing reproductive performance in rabbit bucks.
Effect of Differently Processed Flamboyant (Delonix regia) seed meal on the blood parameters of rabbits
Authors:
Evans, E. I., Ozung, P. O., Osoro, O. O and Sam, I. M.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 177 – 181
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Effect of Differently Processed Flamboyant (Delonix regia) seed meal on the blood parameters of rabbits
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different processed forms of Delonix regia
seed meal on the haematological and serum biochemical indices of mature rabbits. A total of 32,
mixed bred rabbits of both sexes aged 6-7 months with an average weight of 1450- 1470g were
used for the study. Four experimental diets were formulated comprising 0% (control), 15%
(fermented), 15% (boiled) and 15% (toasted) levels of differently processed dietary Delonix regia
seed meal as treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The animals were divided into 4 treatment
groups. Each treatment had 8replication on body weight equalization basis. Each group was there
after assigned to the 4 experimental diets in a completely randomized design experiment. The
feeding trials lasted 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected from 4
rabbits per treatment for haematology and serum biochemistry analysis. The results of the data
analysis showed that only white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, haemaglobin, packed
cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, neutrophils, eosinophils
and basophils were significantly different (P<0.05) between treatment groups in the
Haematological parameters while total protein, globulin, cholesterol and albumin were
significantly different (P<0.05) from the other groups in the serum biochemical parameters. This
study concluded that blood chemistry (Haematological and serum biochemical indices) of rabbits
fed 15% dietary level of different processed forms of Delonix regia seed meal did not adversely
affect the well being of the rabbits.
Effect of Temperature Based Storage Conditions on Caudal Epididymal Spermatozoa of Yankasa Rams
Authors:
Raji, A. Y., Essien, K. F. and Adam, S. U
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 173 – 176
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Effect of Temperature Based Storage Conditions on Caudal Epididymal Spermatozoa of Yankasa Rams
This study investigated the Effect of temperature-based storage Conditions (Ambient temperature and
refrigeration) on Caudal Epididymal Spermatozoa of Yankasa Rams. Six pairs of ram testicles were
collected from the Kano metropolitan abattoir. Left testes were transported in normal saline, and
spermatozoa obtained were preserved at (18 - 22°C) ambient temperature (AT), while right testes were
transported in an ice chest, and Spermatozoa obtained were preserved at (4 - 5°C) Refrigeration temperature
(RT) for 24 hours. Results showed a consistent increase in sperm motility under refrigeration, with mean
values rising from 78% ± 1.93 to 87% ± 2.23, indicating enhanced preservation of functional capacity at
lower temperatures. In contrast, sperm concentration exhibited variable responses, with a slight decline
from 2.06 × 10⁹/mL ± 0.23 to 1.93 × 10⁹/mL ± 0.24. The outcomes suggest that refrigeration benefits
motility and will uniformly preserve sperm concentration. The study concluded that epididymides or
testicles should be stored at (4 - 5°C) Refrigeration temperature for processing and evaluation
SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RABBITS FED MANCHURIAN WILD RICE HAY
Authors:
Millam, J.J., Jacob, M.G., Emmanuel, E. and Filibus, I.G.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 168 – 172
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SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RABBITS FED MANCHURIAN WILD RICE HAY
This study was conducted to evaluate the serum biochemical indices in rabbits fed diets containing
Manchurian wild rice (MWR) hay at the Rabbit Unit of Adamawa State University Teaching and
Research Farm, Mubi. Sixteen New Zealand bucks, weighing approximately 958.15 g, used for the
study, were purchased from Rabbit City® in Jos, Plateau State. The rabbits were kept under close
observation and acclimatisation for one week before the start of the experiment. They were housed in
cages for the duration of the study, with each cage designed to accommodate a single rabbit and
equipped with an individual feeding trough and drinker. The rabbits were randomly assigned to the
dietary treatments: control, 10% MWR (10MWR), 20% MWR (20MWR), and 30% MWR (30MWR)
(n = 4 per treatment) in a completely randomised design. All data collected were analysed using the
SAS software. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in all measured parameters. All liver
enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) were least (P<0.05) in 10MWR (7.81, 10.02, and 11.72 U/L,
respectively); higher (P<0.05) total protein and albumin were observed in 30MWR (76.41 and 41.76
g/L, respectively); bilirubin and cholesterol were least (P<0.05) in 10MWR (4.5 and 14.9 mg/dL,
respectively); glucose was higher (P<0.05) in 30MWR (100 mg/dL); while BUN and creatinine were
least (P<0.05) in 10MWR (3.01 mmol/L and 89.69 µmol/L, respectively). The study concluded that
feeding rabbits with up to 30 g/kg MWR was adequate with no adverse effect.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESH GREEN OFFAL SOURCED FROM DIFFERENT PARTS
Authors:
Amos, M., Mailili, T.Y. and Ijasini, J.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 165 – 167
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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRESH GREEN OFFAL SOURCED FROM DIFFERENT PARTS
The study evaluated the chemical composition of fresh green offal sourced from different parts of
ruminant species to assess its nutritional potential and possible utilization in food systems. Samples of
green offal (stomach and intestine) were collected from cattle, sheep, goat, and camel. Each sample was
cleaned and analyzed for proximate composition. Results showed significant (P0.05). The stomach recorded higher dry matter (49.56%), crude protein
(23.46%), and lipid (16.07%) compared to the intestine (41.05%, 20.87%, and 9.38%, respectively).
However, the intestine had higher NFE (4.17%) than the stomach (3.02%). These findings indicate that
the stomach portion of green offal possesses superior nutritive value in terms of protein and lipid
content. Green offal, particularly from the stomach, can serve as a cost-effective and nutrient-rich source
of animal protein.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF FRESH GREEN OFFAL SOURCED FROM DIFFERENT RED MEAT ANIMALS
Authors:
Amos, M., Mailili, T.Y. and Ijasini, J.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 163 – 164
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PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF FRESH GREEN OFFAL SOURCED FROM DIFFERENT RED MEAT ANIMALS
The study evaluated the proximate composition of fresh green offal sourced from different red meat
animals to determine their nutritional potential and suitability for feed or value-added applications. The
experiment was conducted at the Animal Products and Processing Laboratory, Department of Animal
Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State. Samples (1 kg each) of green offal (intestine
and rumen) were collected from cattle, sheep, goat, and camel at the Central Abattoir, Kano. The
samples were properly cleaned and analyzed for proximate composition following standard AOAC
(2010) procedures. Results revealed that dry matter and lipid contents differed significantly (P < 0.05)
across species, while crude protein, ash, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) showed no significant
differences (P > 0.05). Goat offal had the highest dry matter (47.53%) and lipid (16.28%) contents,
whereas sheep recorded the lowest lipid value (9.88%). Crude protein ranged from 21.37% (sheep) to
22.61% (cattle), and NFE from 2.50% (goat) to 5.57% (sheep). These findings indicate that green offal
from all red meat animals studied contains appreciable nutrients, with goat and cattle offal showing
superior dry matter and protein values, making them suitable as potential feed resources or for agroindustrial utilization.
SENSORY RATING OF CAMEL MEAT KILISHI PRODUCED FROM GRADED LEVELS OF GROUNDNUT SLURRY
Authors:
Labaran, S., Abdu, S.B., Zahraddeen, D., Makeri, M.I., Umar, M.M. and Ghude, M.I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 160 – 162
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SENSORY RATING OF CAMEL MEAT KILISHI PRODUCED FROM GRADED LEVELS OF GROUNDNUT SLURRY
This study evaluated the sensory attributes of camel meat Kilishi produced using different inclusion
levels of groundnut slurry (340 g, 350 g, and 360 g). The aim was to determine the effect of varying
groundnut slurry concentration on the overall acceptability and sensory quality of Kilishi. Meat samples
were marinated in the respective slurry formulations, dried, roasted, and subjected to sensory evaluation
by a 10-member trained panel using a 5-point hedonic scale. Parameters assessed included colour,
aroma, taste, mouth-feel, and overall acceptability. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences
in most sensory attributes among treatments. Kilishi produced with 340 g slurry recorded the highest
scores for aroma (4.10) and acceptability (3.70), while 360 g slurry improved taste (3.60) and mouthfeel (3.80). Colour scores decreased with higher slurry inclusion levels. The findings suggest that a
moderate slurry inclusion (340–350 g) yields optimal aroma and overall acceptability, whereas higher
slurry inclusion (360 g) enhances taste and texture. Thus, adjusting slurry levels can help processors
tailor Kilishi quality to consumer preferences.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SLURRY MATERIALS FOR KILISHI PROCESSING
Authors:
Labaran, S.,Abdu, S.B., Zahraddeen, D., Makeri, M.I., Umar, M.M. and Ghude, M.I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 157 – 159
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EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SLURRY MATERIALS FOR KILISHI PROCESSING
This study evaluated the proximate composition of three different slurry materials: groundnut, tigernut,
and sesame used in Kilishi processing. The aim was to determine the most nutritionally suitable slurry
for improving the quality and nutritive value of Kilishi, a popular Nigerian dried meat product. The
experiment involved proximate analyses of the slurry materials to determine dry matter, crude protein,
crude fibre, lipid, ash, and carbohydrate contents using standard methods. Results showed significant
(p<0.05) differences across all parameters. Dry matter content was highest in sesame (96.45%) and
lowest in groundnut (91.95%). Groundnut slurry recorded the highest crude protein (15.07%) and lipid
(45.40%) values, while tigernut slurry contained the highest carbohydrate (84.15%) but the lowest crude
protein (4.25%). Ash content was highest in sesame slurry (6.08%). The findings indicate that
groundnut and sesame slurries are nutritionally richer sources of protein and fat, making them more
suitable for Kilishi processing, while tigernut slurry is more energy-dense due to its high carbohydrate
level.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COLOURANTS ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF SKEWER SPATCHCOCK CHICKEN
Authors:
Talabi, A.E., Zahradeen, D., Abdu, S.B. and Jibir, M
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 153 – 156
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EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT COLOURANTS ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF SKEWER SPATCHCOCK CHICKEN
This study evaluated the effect of different natural colourants on the proximate composition of skewer
spatchcock chicken to promote healthier alternatives to synthetic dyes. Eighteen broiler chickens were
processed and randomly assigned to six treatments: control (no colourant), turmeric, hibiscus, bell
pepper, beetroot, and synthetic dye (Ja’wa). The samples were cured with the respective colourants,
skewered, and roasted over open fire for 15–20 minutes. Proximate composition was determined.
Results showed no significant differences in dry matter (93.33–94.00%), but crude protein was highest
in hibiscus (34.06%) and bell pepper (33.20%) compared to Ja’wa (30.80%) and control (31.60%).
Ether extract was lowest in bell pepper (4.28%) and beetroot (4.60%), while ash ranged from 1.26%
(turmeric) to 2.60% (bell pepper). Natural colourants, especially hibiscus, bell pepper, and turmeric,
improved protein retention and reduced fat content. In conclusion, natural plant-based colourants
enhance both the nutritional quality and safety of processed chicken and should be used as functional
alternatives to synthetic dyes in meat processing.
SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKEN NUGGETS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT LEGUME EXTENDERS
Authors:
R. Yaqoob, S.B. Abdu, D. Zahraddeen, S. I. Karkarna, A.A, Muhammad, Y. Ahmad, A. E. Talabi, F.N. Shehu, A. Shittu and E. A. Salihu.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 149 – 152
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SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKEN NUGGETS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT LEGUME EXTENDERS
The study evaluated the sensory characteristics of broiler chicken nuggets as influenced by 20% inclusion
of legume extenders; Soya Bean Flour (SBF), Bambara nut flour (BNF) and Black Eyed Bean Flour (BBF).
The study was laid in a Completely Randomized Design. Four chicken nugget formulations were produced;
control treatment was the commercial formulation with 0% extender while the remaining 3 treatments had
20% meat replacement of the extenders. Sensory evaluation of the samples were done subjectively using
the 7 point hedonic scale (with the score of 1 representing liked extremely while the lowest score 7
represented dislike extremely). The result from this study showed significant differences (P0.05) affected by the inclusion of the legume extenders. The chicken nuggets
containing SBF, BNF extenders with the control group had the most preferred texture properties. From the
findings of this study, control had the best score among all the parameters studied, however it can be
concluded that partial replacement of meat (aiming at cost reductions) in chicken nuggets with 20% soya
bean, Bambara and black-eyed bean legume flours as extenders has good potential with no much impact on
consumers acceptability as all the parameters monitored scored above average on the 7 point hedonic scale.
Carcass Characteristics and Consumers Acceptability of Broiler chickens Meat: Exploring The Power of Morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina Leaf
Authors:
Haruna, M. A., Odunsi, A. A., Akinwumi, A.O., Adeniji, T. Y., Adesokan, O. A., Olapade, O. V. and Nicholas, R. R.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 144 – 148
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Carcass Characteristics and Consumers Acceptability of Broiler chickens Meat: Exploring The Power of Morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina Leaf
Brimstone (Morinda lucida) leaf meal (MLLM) and Bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal (VALM)
were evaluated for their effect on the productive performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens.
Five experimental diets were formulated such that the control had no MLLM/VALM, treatments B and C
contained MLLM at 0.5 and 1% respectively also D and E contained VALM at 0.5 and 1% respectively. A
total of 150 day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the treatments comprising 30
birds of 10 birds per replicates. At day 49, twelve birds per treatment were randomly selected for slaughter
in order to measure carcass cut-up parts (thigh, breast, neck, wing, back, drumstick and abdominal fat),
and selected organs were weighed and expressed relative to live weight. The quality of the meat was also
evaluated by analyzing for crude protein, ether extract and dry matter. The meat samples were also
subjected to consumers’ preference. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and
treatment means separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test at p<0.05. Result indicated no significant
difference (p<0.05) in all carcass characteristics parameters measured except for eviscerated and wing
weights. The eviscerated weight was significant (p<0.05), however, there is a non-significant difference
between control (1400.30g) and 0.5 Morinda lucida (1423.80g) while the 0.5% Vernonia amygdalina
treatment yielding the lowest values (1106.97g). birds supplemented with the 0.5% Morinda lucida group
recorded the lowest value (10.13%) while other treatments maintained similar proportions (10.95-
11.40%). proventiculus relative weight has its highest (p0.05) with the use of Morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina. In
conclusion, while MLLM shows promise, especially at the 1% inclusion rate, VALM appears less
beneficial at the levels tested.
NEW CONCEPTS IN TECHNOLOGY OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors:
K.Y. Kaboshio, D.O. Oshibanjo, B.R. Gandi, Z.I. Aliyu, M.M. Getso
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 141 – 143
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NEW CONCEPTS IN TECHNOLOGY OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
The dairy industry is undergoing a significant transformation driven by innovative technologies aimed
at improving production efficiency, product quality, sustainability, and consumer health. This review
paper explores state-of-the-art advancements in dairy technology, highlighting precision feeding and
nutrition systems, automation and artificial intelligence (AI) enabled herd monitoring, plant-based and
hybrid dairy products, precision fermentation of dairy proteins, novel packaging solutions, membrane
filtration techniques, hurdle technology and sustainability-driven supply chain innovations. The paper
discusses the implications of these technologies for environmental impact, economic feasibility, ethical
considerations, and future research directions.
EGG QUALITY INDICES OF JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica) FED CASSAVA TUBER MEAL WITH AND WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors:
Olaiya, O. D., Adelowo, V. O., Yisa, A.G., Oshibanjo D.O., Zungum, A.G., Ajimohun, F.F,
Bello, A.T., Ukasha, A., Olaiya, M.A and Opabumi, O.R
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 136 – 140
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EGG QUALITY INDICES OF JAPANESE QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix japonica) FED CASSAVA TUBER MEAL WITH AND WITHOUT ENZYME SUPPLEMENTATION
The study examined the egg profile from laying hens fed different levels of cassava tuber meal (0, 25, and
50%) in replacement of maize with or without enzyme supplementation. One hundred and ninety-five (195)
point of lay (5 weeks old) Japanese quails were used in 8 weeks feeding trial. A total of 20 eggs were
collected from each treatment at week six of the experiment and randomly sampled for analysis. Data were
collected on egg quality profile. Results revealed significant differences in terms of egg quality parameters
between the CRM +enzyme and CRM – enzyme. Quails with CRM + enzyme demonstrated superior
characteristics in terms of egg weight, egg width, albumen quality and yolk quality. The results also
revealed that replacing maize with cassava tuber meal at varying levels with or without enzyme
supplementation did not negatively affect the profile of quail eggs. It was concluded that CRM +enzyme
can replace maize up to 50% in quail laying birds diet with a significant egg quality in production.
LC50 of Carica papaya on Continuous Utilization of Pawpaw Leaf in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors:
Oshibanjo D.O, Etop S., Omale S., Adomeh, E.E., Ajimohun F. A., Adesope A.I., Muazu A. A.,Ikwuje P.A., and Yohanna N.I
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 133 – 135
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LC50 of Carica papaya on Continuous Utilization of Pawpaw Leaf in Drosophila melanogaster
This study evaluated the LC₅₀ and long-term effects of Carica papaya (pawpaw) leaf ethanolic extract on
Drosophila melanogaster. Fresh leaves were collected from the University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria,
identified in the Department of Plant Science, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted by maceration in distilled
water. The extract was concentrated to dryness and incorporated into standard cornmeal diet. Adult D.
melanogaster (Harwich strain) were reared at 25 °C under a 12 h light/dark cycle and exposed to experimental
diets containing graded concentrations of C. papaya extract. Pilot assays were conducted to establish non-lethal
concentrations before survival and toxicity tests. At 168 hours, the ethanolic leaf extract caused 100% mortality
at concentrations of 250–1000 mg/10 g diet, with an LC₅₀ determined at 108.3 mg/10 g diet. Prolonged exposure
for 28 days at sub-lethal doses significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the lifespan of flies compared to the control.
Although the extract exhibited a moderately high LC₅₀, suggesting limited acute toxicity, continuous utilization
revealed dose-dependent negative effects on longevity. The findings indicate that pawpaw leaf ethanolic extract
is not acutely toxic to D. melanogaster.
LC50 of ginger rhizome on Continuous Utilization in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors:
Etop S. C., Oshibanjo D.O, Adelowo V.O, Kaye J., Omale S., Ikwuje P.A., and Muazu A. A
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 129 – 132
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LC50 of ginger rhizome on Continuous Utilization in Drosophila melanogaster
This study evaluated the toxicity (LC₅₀) and survival effects of Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizome extract on
Drosophila melanogaster. Fresh rhizomes were collected, air-dried at room temperature, powdered, and
extracted using 70% ethanol by maceration. The dried extract was weighed to estimate total yield. Harwich strain
D. melanogaster (3–5 days old) were obtained from the Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research
and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, and maintained under standard conditions (23 ± 1 °C;
60% RH; 12 h light/dark cycle) on a cornmeal-based diet. A pilot assay was first conducted to establish safe test
concentrations. Acute toxicity was then assessed over seven days to determine the LC₅₀, followed by a 28-day
survival assay at sub-lethal concentrations. Results showed that exposure to 20–1000 mg/10 g diet caused dosedependent mortality, with 100% mortality observed at 1000 mg/10 g diet. The 168-hour LC₅₀ was determined to
be 359.8 mg/10 g diet, suggesting that ginger rhizome extract is relatively non-toxic. Long-term exposure at sublethal doses significantly (p < 0.05) extended the lifespan of D. melanogaster compared to controls. These
findings indicate that Z. officinale rhizome possesses protective and longevity-enhancing effects, likely mediated
by its antioxidant and metabolic regulatory properties.
EFFECT OF COOKING ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF COWHIDE (PONMO) AND BEEF SOLD IN BUKURU, JOS-SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors:
Abubakar, S. A., Mohammed, A., Nafisa, G. Z., Hafsat, S. J., Nafiu, G. M., ThankGod, D.G., Abubakar, S. A., Yusuf, M., Gasma, H. B.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 125 – 128
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EFFECT OF COOKING ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF COWHIDE (PONMO) AND BEEF SOLD IN BUKURU, JOS-SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Slaughtered animals such as cows provide many edible products including meat and cowhide which is
processed and consumed as a delicacy in many African countries including Nigeria. The nutritional
quality of meat has been undisputed for ages. However, the contribution of the processed cowhide
(ponmo), an affordable substitute for meat, to human nutrition has remained contradictory with many
believing it has no nutrients at all. When protein sources such as meat are cooked, there is a reduction in
its weight and nutrients due to cooking loss. This work compared the nutritional quality of the meat and
ponmo and also assessed the effect cooking on nutrient quality. Samples were collected, packaged and
taken to the laboratory raw while a portion was cooked before being transported to the laboratory for
analysis. Proximate composition was analyzed using standard procedure as described by8
.The result
shows that moisture content was statistically (p<0.05) higher in fresh meat and cowhide samples
compared to that of the cooked samples. Crude protein was higher (p<0.05) in meat samples than
cowhide. Lipid was significantly higher in cooked forms of both beef and cowhide while cooked cowhide
showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) N.F.E. values compared to beef. Cooking significantly reduced
reduced the M.E. in of cowhide. From the result, it was concluded that the nutritive value of cowhide
especially in terms of protein content, lipids, and mineral content was lower compared to that of beef
while. However, cowhide compared favorably with beef in terms of M.E. and N.F.E. in the study area. It
also shows that cooking as a processing method significantly affects nutrient quality such as Lipids, M.E.
and N.F.E.
Evaluation of meat quality and organoleptic properties of broiler chicken fed soybean milk residuebased diets
Authors:
Sylva-Nyom, I,Gege, B. M. and Dubagari, N.G.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 122 – 124
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Evaluation of meat quality and organoleptic properties of broiler chicken fed soybean milk residuebased diets
The meat quality and organoleptic properties of broiler chickens were evaluated using 150 day-old Sayed
broiler chicks with an average weight of 40g each, which were fed graded levels of soybean milk residue.
Experimental chicks were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, & T5) with 30 chicks
per treatment in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). Diets including graded levels of soybean milk
residue at 19% (T1), 18.5% (T2), 18% (T3) and 17.5% (T4) respectively were formulated for the treatment,
and a control diet (T5) that did not contain soybean milk residue but sourced from a reputable commercial
feed (Chikun broiler feeds). After feeding the birds with the diets for 8 weeks, the physiochemical
composition and sensory properties of the broiler meat were measured. Data obtained from the study were
subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) appropriate using the Minitab16 statistical software. There
was no significant difference (p>0.05) in all the parameters measured except for aroma and taste. It was
concluded that soybean milk residue ensured good meat constituent of the broiler chickens, and
recommended that 17.5-19 % soybean milk residue in broiler diets contributed to the post mortem meat
quality and sensory properties of the broiler chicken.
Carcass Traits, Sensory Attributes, and Meat Lipid Profile of Rabbits Fed a Synergistic Diet of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Meal and Mucuna pruriens Seed Meal
Authors:
J.J. KOLAWOLE, B.A. AYANWALE, R.A. ADEBAYO, J.A. ABDUL-WAHEED, N.M.,
BADRUDEEN-BELLO, and R. SULE
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 117 – 121
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Carcass Traits, Sensory Attributes, and Meat Lipid Profile of Rabbits Fed a Synergistic Diet of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Meal and Mucuna pruriens Seed Meal
This study explored Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal (VALM) and Mucuna pruriens seed meal (MPSM) as
alternative protein sources in rabbit diets. Thirty-six weaner rabbits were assigned to four treatments in a
Completely Randomized Design: control (0% VALM + 0% MPSM), and test diets with 7.5% VALM + 2.5%
MPSM, 5% VALM + 5% MPSM, and 2.5% VALM + 7.5% MPSM. Fed ad libitum for 8 weeks, data on carcass
characteristics, sensory properties, and lipid profiles were collected. No significant differences (p>0.05)
occurred in live weight or visceral organ weights. However, the 2.5% VALM + 7.5% MPSM diet improved
dressed weight, carcass yield, and loin weight. Sensory evaluation showed significant differences in juiciness
and tenderness. The lipid profile indicated reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, with
increased HDL-cholesterol in VALM-MPSM groups. Synergistic VALM and MPSM inclusion enhances
carcass quality meat’s nutritional profile, while the sensory properties was unaffected supporting sustainable
livestock production.
INFLUENCE OF THORN APPLE AND TURMERIC POWDER BLEND ON MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors:
Rafiu, T. A., Okanlawon E. O., Olayeni, T. B., Sangoniyi O., Akintunde, A. A. and Oyebamiji, U. T.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 113 – 116
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INFLUENCE OF THORN APPLE AND TURMERIC POWDER BLEND ON MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN
A total of two hundred (200) unsexed day-old Abor acres chicks were used to determine the effect of
turmeric and thorn apple on organoleptic and meat quality of broiler chicken. The birds were randomly
allotted to five (5) dietary treatments at 40 birds of 4 replicates (10 birds per replicate) each. T1 serves as
the control, T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained 2, 4, 6 and 8g of blended thorn apple and turmeric powder per
kilogram diet, respectively. The birds were fed for six (6) weeks after which 2 birds per replicate were
randomly selected and sacrificed. Meat samples were obtained from the samples and used for organoleptic
and quality analysis. Data collected on meat quality of the broiler chickens showed that highest (P<0.05)
cooking loss (43.47%) was recorded from broiler bird fed diet containing 2g/kg of thorn apple and turmeric
blend while broiler fed diet containing 8g/kg had the least (36.82%) value. Highest value (P<0.05) of
refrigeration loss (5.40%) was recorded from broiler bird fed diet containing 4g/kg of thorn apple and
turmeric blend while broiler fed control diet (0g/kg) had the least (0.00). The highest value (3.00) was
recorded at 8g blend for aroma while the least value (1.00) was recorded at 4g. Appearance had highest
value (3.50) recorded at 6g while the least value (2.00) was recorded from 4g. It was concluded base on the
result obtained that utilization of turmeric and thorn apple blend at 2g/kg had positive effect on meat quality
of broiler chicken and can be utilized by poultry farmers.
MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH VARYING LEVEL OF FENUGREEK AND GINGER POWDER BLEND
Authors:
Okanlawon E. O., Rafiu, T. A., Hammed, O.O., Ademolue, R.O., Owolabi, O. O., Ajayi, A. A., Salawu, T. K., Akintoye, S. A., and Liadi, K. O
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 108 – 112
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MEAT QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH VARYING LEVEL OF FENUGREEK AND GINGER POWDER BLEND
A total of one hundred sixty (160) unsexed day-old broiler chick (Ross 308) were used to determine effect
of fenugreek and ginger powder blend on meat quality. They were randomly allotted to four dietary
treatments groups which include T1- control diet, T2-2g/kg, T3-4g/kg and T4-6g/kg of 40 bird per treatment
and (4) replicates of 10 birds and were arranged in a completely randomized design. Data were collected
on meat quality such as water absorptive power, cook loss, refrigeration loss, sensory evaluation and
proximate composition. Highest (p<0.05) crude protein (24.06) was recorded with broiler chicken fed diet
containing 6g/kg of fenugreek and ginger blend while broiler chicken fed control diet had least (21.39).
Moisture content recorded highest (p<0.05) value (68.55) with broiler chicken fed diet containing 2g/kg
while the least (66.34) with broiler chicken fed diet that contained (66.34). Highest (p<0.05) aroma (2.22)
was obtained with broiler chicken fed diet that contained 4g/kg of fenugreek and ginger blend while broiler
chicken fed control diet had least (1.40). It was concluded that the use of 4g/kg of fenugreek and ginger
powder in the diet improves meat quality.
AMINO ACIDS AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITIONS OF MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS AND THEIR ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; A REVIEW
Authors:
Bislava, M. B., Bukar, A. I., Kolo, U. M., Abubakar, S., Aji, A. M., and Tijjani, A. A
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 104 – 107
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AMINO ACIDS AND FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITIONS OF MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS AND THEIR ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; A REVIEW
This review examines the amino acids and fatty acids compositions of meat and meat products, along
with their analytical techniques. Proteins in meat contain twenty (20) amino acids, including twelve (12)
essential ones critical for human nutrition, with variations observed across species (beef, lamb, pork).
Analytical methods for amino acids involve extraction, deproteinisation, and chromatographic analysis.
Fatty acids, primarily triglycerides and phospholipids are in abundance in meat, analysed via lipid
extraction, methylation, and gas chromatography (GC). Key findings include species-specific profiles of
saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with palmitic
(C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids dominating. Processing and storage significantly impact amino acids
availability and fatty acids stability. The study underscores the importance of standardised analytical
protocols to ensure accurate nutritional assessment of meat products.
COMBINED PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF RECTAL TEMPERATURE AND SURVIVAL ON TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI INFECTED MICE
Authors:
Salifu, A. O., David, B. L., Ogbole, E., Nimyel, C. D and Ogunleye, O. O
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 99 – 103
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COMBINED PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF RECTAL TEMPERATURE AND SURVIVAL ON TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI INFECTED MICE
Survival rates and rectal temperatures of mice infected with Trypanosoma (T.) evansi were evaluated. A
total of 20 male weaned albino mice infected with T. evansi were randomly grouped with 5 replicates per
group using the completely randomized design. Group 1- infected untreated control, group 2- treated
with 0.9mg/ml of combined antitrypanosomal plant oral therapy, group 3- treated with 1.8mg/ml of the
combined plant therapy and group 4- treated with 3.6mg/ml of the combined plant therapy. Data collected
were subjected to descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA and presented as histogram chart. Results of the
rectal temperature revealed a significantly (P<0.05) lowered rectal temperature and higher survival time
of group 3. The study revealed antipyretic properties of the 0.8mg/ml combined plant therapy and no cure
of the oral aqueous plant therapy doses.
PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF HETEROGENEOUS RABBIT POPULATIONS IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW
Authors:
Akintunde, A.O., Olumide, M.D., Ndubuisi-Ogbonna, L.C., Oso, O.E and Balogun, O.L.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 95 – 98
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PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF HETEROGENEOUS RABBIT POPULATIONS IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW
In Nigeria, rabbit farming is a big livestock industry that supports the nation's economy and food security.
On the other hand, little is known about the proteome profiles and genetic diversity of Nigerian rabbit
populations. The analysis of all the proteins in a biological sample, known as proteomic profiling, has
proven to be an effective method for determining the molecular foundations of rabbit traits. This review
identifies the prospects and challenges of proteomic profiling of heterogeneous rabbit populations in
Nigeria. It can however be concluded that proteomic profiling will aid in the improvements of rabbit stocks
in Nigeria. By applying this knowledge to develop more efficient breeding techniques, rabbit farming in
Nigeria can become more sustainable and productive overall. By combining proteomic data with other
omics technologies, researchers can better understand the biology of rabbits and develop targeted strategies
to improve rabbit farming in Nigeria.
Influencing the Proximate, Mineral, Vitamins, Anti-Nutrient and Amino acid profile of Red Kidney Bean with Different Processing Methods
Authors:
Abdullahi, A. I., Yusuf, S. Z., Edeh, I. Edeh
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 90 – 94
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Influencing the Proximate, Mineral, Vitamins, Anti-Nutrient and Amino acid profile of Red Kidney Bean with Different Processing Methods
The study was conducted to evaluate the proximate composition, vitamins, minerals, levels of antinutritional factors and amino acid profile of Red kidney bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris) seeds subjected to
different processing methods. Each representative sample was analysed for Crude Protein, Crude
Fibre, Either Extract Nitrogen Free extract, Amino-acids and levels of anti-nutritional factors using
standard laboratory procedure. The result indicated an increase in the CP (21.03 to 23.87%), ash (3.10
to 3.27%), with a decreased in CF (3.48 to 3.06%)) EE, (3.69 to 2.87%), NFE (56.28 to 46.81%) and
some amino acid content as lysine (7.09 to 7.28%), methionine (1.58 to 1.63%) while threonine (3.31
to 3. 42%) value decreased. SimilarlyTanins, oxalates, phytates, saponins and flavonoids were
decreased. Taninis (1.03 to 1.12mg/100g), oxalates (0.93 to 1.26mg/100g), phytate (0.95 to
1.18mg/100g) and flavonoids (0.82 to 1.70mg/100g) which were significant (P<0.05) decreased.
Values obtained for the vitamins and minerals were increased with processing. Vitamins A (18.21 to
72.42g/100g), Vitamin B2 (0.29 to o.31g/100g) Vitamin C (3.90 to 4.30g/100g) were significantly
(P0.05). It can be concluded that
processing methods as Toasting, and Dhulling has beneficial influence but Boiling has the most
influence in improving the nutritional quality of Red Kidney Bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed.
Yield and Chemical composition of Leaf protein concentrates and bagasse obtained from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) using two extraction methods
Authors:
Akindele, O.K. and Akaeze, N.C.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 86 – 89
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Yield and Chemical composition of Leaf protein concentrates and bagasse obtained from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) using two extraction methods
This study was carried out to determine the yield, physical properties and chemical composition of leaf
protein concentrates and bagasse obtained from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) leaves using two
extraction methods. The extraction was done using heat coagulation and alum precipitation methods, after
which the leaf protein concentrates and bagasse obtained were analysed for some chemical composition.
The yield of Leaf Protein Concentrate (LPC) obtained from alum precipitation method (6.36%) was higher
than LPC obtained from heat coagulation method (4.46%) and this difference was statistically significant
and hence, it can be said that alum precipitation method is more efficient. From the chemical analysis, the
DM for heat coagulation method (93.60%), alum precipitation method (85.70%) and the bagasse (95.00%)
were not significantly different. Crude protein (CP) (39.44%) and ether extract (EE) (17.38%) of the LPC
from alum precipitation was better (P<0.05) than CP (33.45%) and EE (10.06%) of the LPC obtained using
heat coagulation method while the CP and EE of bagasse was 3.92% and 4.10%. The Ash (3.36%) and CF
(34.02%) of bagasse was substantial and the Ash (5.51%) of LPC obtained from alum precipitation method
and Ash (3.73%) of LPC from heat coagulation method were not different while CF from heat coagulation
method (1.76%) and alum precipitation method (1.43%) were not significantly different. The nitrogen-free
extract (NFE) of bagasse (51.70%) and of LPC from heat coagulation extraction method (49.73%) were
significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of LPC obtained from alum precipitation (37.48%). The results from
the two extraction methods showed that the yield of CLPC was quite comparable and these may serve as
an alternative for the more expensive protein feedstuffs like soybean meal, groundnut cake and other protein
feedstuffs in feed formulation considering the high protein content, although CLPC from heat coagulation
would be preferred because of its higher CP and could be used as feed for ruminants and also ensiled and
used for dry season feeding when feed is scarce.
IN OVO VITAMIN B6 SUPPLEMENTATION AT DIFFERENT EMBRYONIC DAYS INFLUENCES DUODENAL MORPHOLOGY IN GUINEA FOWL
Authors:
Eletu, T. A., Idowu, O. P. A, Adeyeye, E. A., Olatunbosun, O. B., and Adesope, A. I.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 82 – 85
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IN OVO VITAMIN B6 SUPPLEMENTATION AT DIFFERENT EMBRYONIC DAYS INFLUENCES DUODENAL MORPHOLOGY IN GUINEA FOWL
This study investigated the effects of in ovo vitamin B6 administration at different embryonic days on
duodenal morphology of guinea fowl keets (Numida meleagris). A total of 160 fertile eggs from a
commercial breeder in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, were incubated under standard conditions. Fertility
was 73.68% (n = 112). Eggs were assigned to four groups: Control (no injection), and in ovo injection of
0.05 ml vitamin B6 (100 µg in deionized water) into the amnion on embryonic days (EDs) 21, 23, and 25.
The keets hatched were 26 in the control, 16 keets from eggs injected on embryonic day 21, 14 keets from
eggs injected on embryonic day 23, and 26 keets from eggs injected on embryonic day 25. The keets were
reared for 10 weeks, and at day 70, two keets per group were slaughtered for duodenal histomorphology.
Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance in a Completely Randomized Design. Vitamin B6
significantly (p<0.05) increased smooth muscle thickness of the guinea fowls’ duodenum, with those
from eggs injected on ED23 having the highest value (0.26 µm), while the villus and crypt were
unaffected. The study concluded that in ovo injection of 0.05 ml of vitamin B6 on ED23 could improve
intestinal muscle development and potentially enhance post-hatch nutrient utilization in guinea fowl.
TRUE DIGESTIBILITY OF PHOSPHORUS BY ROSS 308 BROILER CHICKENS FED DRIED CABBAGE MEAL DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH EXOGENOUS PHYTASE
Authors:
Bamigboye, D.O., Ilaboya, I. I., Imouokhome, J. I. and Iyayi, E. A
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 77 – 81
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TRUE DIGESTIBILITY OF PHOSPHORUS BY ROSS 308 BROILER CHICKENS FED DRIED CABBAGE MEAL DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH EXOGENOUS PHYTASE
One hundred and forty-four 21- day- old broiler chicks (BCs) were assigned to the six experimental diets
in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with six replicates of eight birds each. Six dried cabbage meal (DCM)-
based semi-purified diets (100, 200, and 300g/kg) containing three levels of Total Phosphorus (TP, g/Kg):
2.85, 3.50, and 4.15 with or without phytase (1000 units/Kg) were formulated. Titanium dioxide (5 g/Kg)
was included as a marker in the experiments. The BCs were fed for eight days, and fresh excreta were
collected from day’s five to seven. On day eight, the ileal digesta was harvested after slaughtering. Ileal
EPL (Endogenous Phosphorus Loss), total tract EPL, TIPD (True Ileal Phosphorus Digestibility), and True
Phosphorus Retention (TPR) were estimated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear
regression. Total Tract Phosphorus retention of phytase-supplemented diets was 1.28, 1.51, and 1.88, which
were higher (P<0.05) than those without phytase (1.26, 1.53, and 1.68), except for diets with 200g/kg
inclusion of DCM. Estimated ileal EPL for birds fed phytase-supplemented and un-supplemented diets
(g/kg DMI) were 0.025 and 0.8807, respectively. Phytase reduced (P<0.05) ileal EPL and total tract EPL
by 85.57% and 13.09%, respectively. Supplementation with phytase significantly (P<0.05) increased TIPD
and TPR by 42.37% and 20.57 respectively. Phytase supplementation of DCM-based diets improved
(P<0.05) total tract phosphorus retention, true ileal phosphorus digestibility, and reduced (P<0.05)
endogenous phosphorus losses in broiler chickens.
IDENTIFICATION OF SNPs IN THE EXON 2 REGION OF MHC CLASS II GENE (BoLA DRALPHA) IN WHITE FULANI AND ITS HYBRID
Authors:
Oladejo O. A., Oguntunji A. O., Oyelade D. A., Adeniran O. P., Ajao S. G. and Olayiwola Z. A.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 73 – 76
Downloads: 2
IDENTIFICATION OF SNPs IN THE EXON 2 REGION OF MHC CLASS II GENE (BoLA DRALPHA) IN WHITE FULANI AND ITS HYBRID
This study characterized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within exon 2 of the BoLA-DR-ALPHA
gene across White Fulani cattle (Bos indicus) and their hybrid counterparts in Nigeria. As a critical
component of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II pathway, BoLA-DR-ALPHA
facilitates antigen presentation and influences disease resilience. Through bidirectional Sanger sequencing
of 30 genomic samples (15 pure White Fulani, 15 White Fulani × Girolando/Holstein hybrids), we identified
23 SNPs, including 14 non-synonymous variants. Hybrid populations exhibited 56% greater SNP diversity
alongside elevated heterozygosity values (0.68 versus 0.45 in purebreds). Phylogenetic reconstruction
revealed distinct clustering of White Fulani with Bos taurus, whereas hybrids demonstrated genetic
introgression from Sokoto Gudali lineages. Computational predictions identified five non-synonymous
SNPs with potentially deleterious impacts on antigen-binding function. These findings illuminate the role
of BoLA-DR-ALPHA diversity in tropical adaptation and inform strategies for preserving disease resilience
within crossbreeding initiatives.
GENETIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG GROWTH BIOMETRICS OF INDIGENOUS RED SOKOTO AND EXOTIC BOER GOATS IN SEMI ARID, KANO
Authors:
Muhammad, H. A. and Garba, Y
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 68 – 72
Downloads: 2
GENETIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG GROWTH BIOMETRICS OF INDIGENOUS RED SOKOTO AND EXOTIC BOER GOATS IN SEMI ARID, KANO
The study aims to determine relationship among growth biometrics of Red Sokoto and exotic Boer
breeds. Live body weights (kg) and morphometric traits (cm) of the two breeds were measured on
monthly basis for a period of one year at the goat herd of the Centre for Dryland Agriculture, Bayero
University, Kano. Data analyses were executed using JMP pro 14.0 Statistical Analysis System (SAS).
The result revealed positive and highly significant (p<0.01) correlations between body weight and most of
the morphometric variables for the Boer breed. It was observed that strong positive relationship exists
between body weight and wither height, hip height, body length, chest depth and heart girth (r = 0.73;
0.72; 0.71; 0.75 and 0.86), respectively. Heart girth was high and positively correlated to wither height,
hip height, right horn length, left horn length, body length and chest depth (r=0.75; 0.74; 0.78; 0.77; 0.71
and 0.79), respectively. In comparison to the Boer goats, Red Sokoto goats recorded from small to
positive significant (p<0.05) correlation coefficients between body weight and other measured traits.
However, highest correlation coefficients were observed in hip height with wither height (r = 0.79) and
left horn length with right horn length (r = 0.95). The positive correlations in these traits showed they are
influenced by the same genes. Therefore, selecting for one trait will likely lead to improvement in the
other correlated trait.
GENETIC PARAMETERS AND TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE SAUSAGE TREE (Kigelia africana) SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH AND BIOMETRIC TRAITS IN NOILER CHICKS
Authors:
Maduako, J. O., Uberu, N. P., Onodugo, M. O., Udeh, F. U., Dim. C. E. and Umeugokwe P. I
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 62 – 67
Downloads: 2
GENETIC PARAMETERS AND TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE SAUSAGE TREE (Kigelia africana) SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH AND BIOMETRIC TRAITS IN NOILER CHICKS
Noiler chickens, a hybrid breed developed for dual-purpose production, exhibit unique genetic parameters for growth and linear body measurements traits. This study presents estimates of heritability (h²) and genetic correlations (rG) for live body weight (LBW) and linear body measurements (body length (BL), shank length (SL), wing length (WL), chest girth (CG), wing span (WS), and comb length (CL) in Noiler chicks at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age, derived from a paternal half-sib mating arrangement involving 63 chicks.
Heritability was calculated as h² = σ²s / (σ²s + σ²w), and genetic correlations as rG = σA1A2 / √(σ²A1 ×σ²A2). Data obtained in the Completely Randomized Experimental (CRD) layout were analyzed using One- way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed moderate to high h2 for LBW (0.20–0.45), BL (0.33–0.45), and CG (0.25–0.45), indicating reasonable potential for genetic selection. On the other hand, WS (0.06–0.17) and CL (0.15) exhibited very low h2, suggesting greater environmental influences on the
phenotypic values obtained. Furthermore, strong positive correlations of (rG = 0.450/ 0.593) between LBW and CG/ WL respectively, observed at mid-growth stages support multi-trait selection for improved carcass yield and body conformation. This study provides foundational information that can aid breeding programmes to enhance productivity of the Noiler in tropical environments, particularly in Nigeria.
DEVELOPMENT OF PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR ESTIMATING BODY WEIGHT IN SHEEP AND GOAT USING LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS
Authors:
Abba Mohammed, Umar Auwal, Shattima, Mustapha Maryam, Abdulyekeen Olanrewaju,
Abdulraheem Modu-kagu Hajja Ashe, Jibrin Aliyu and Alade Kehinde Nurudeen
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 58 – 61
Downloads: 2
DEVELOPMENT OF PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR ESTIMATING BODY WEIGHT IN SHEEP AND GOAT USING LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS
Body weight estimation in small ruminants such as sheep and goats is essential for making informed
decisions related to nutrition, health management, selection, and breeding. In many rural and resourcelimited settings, direct weighing is impractical due to lack of facilities. This study aimed at developing
and validating a predictive model to estimate live weight in sheep and goats using linear body
measurements. A total of 200 animals were assessed, with data collected on live weight, body length
(BL), height at withers (HW), and heart girth (HG). Multiple linear regression models were developed
and evaluated. The results analyzed using SPSS v20 demonstrated a strong relationship between these
morphometric traits and body weight (R2 = 0.85, p < 0.05). Among the traits, heart girth and body length
were the most consistent and significant predictors of body weight. The study presents a practical, costeffective tool for farmers, extension workers, and animal scientists for rapid estimation of live weight
in field conditions, thereby reducing dependence on conventional weighing equipment and
improvement livestock management decisions.
ANALYSES OF EXON 10 OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR GENE IN MEAT-TYPE FUNAAB ALPHA CHICKEN GENOTYPES
Authors:
Oyewoga, A.T, Ozoje, M.O, Durosaro, S.O, Sule, R and Oloko, A.B.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 54 – 57
Downloads: 4
ANALYSES OF EXON 10 OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR GENE IN MEAT-TYPE FUNAAB ALPHA CHICKEN GENOTYPES
The thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene is involved in growth regulation, brain
development, behaviour and other chemical reactions in the body. This study analysed TSHR gene (exon
10) in meat-type FUNAAB Alpha chickens. Blood samples were collected from 32 meat-type FUNAAB
Alpha chickens comprising normal feather, naked neck and frizzle feather. Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene were identified using Codon Code Aligner software (v.10.0.2 DEMO).
The selective forces acting on the gene were predicted with MEGA7 and PROSITE software respectively.
Two non-synonymous SNPs (614G>A and 720T>G) were identified in normal feather chickens, while one
non-synonymous SNP (863G>T) was identified in naked neck chickens. The minor allele frequencies of
the SNPs ranged from 0.13 in normal feather to 0.25 in frizzle feather chickens.
GENETIC VARIATIONS IN GROWTH TRAITS OF THREE BREEDS OF BROILER CHICKENS INOCULATED WITH Salmonella typhimurium VACCINE
Authors:
Oguntade, D.O.; Isidahomen, C.E. and Adomeh, E.E.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 49 – 53
Downloads: 1
GENETIC VARIATIONS IN GROWTH TRAITS OF THREE BREEDS OF BROILER CHICKENS INOCULATED WITH Salmonella typhimurium VACCINE
This study investigated the effect of genotype on body weights and linear traits of three breeds of broiler
chickens (Arbor acre, Ross 308, and Cobb 500) challenged with Salmonella typhimurium vaccine.
Seventy-five (75) day-old broiler chicks comprised of twenty-five (25) each of the three breeds were used
for this study. Body weight and growth traits which include body length, height, wing length, breast girth,
drum stick, shank length and thigh length of the birds were taken on a weekly basis from 1 day-old to 8
weeks of age. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) Procedure of SAS. The results
showed significant (P<0.05) differences in body weights and linear traits among the breeds, with Cobb
500 having the highest body weight (439.27 and 3834.27g at weeks 2 and 8 respectively) from week 2
onwards. Cobb 500 also had the longest (P<0.05) value for most linear traits examined. The study
concluded that Cobb 500 broiler chicken is heavier than Arbor Acre and Ross 308, and recommended
exploiting the genetic differences among the breeds for genetic improvement of tropical broiler breeds.
Expression Analysis of Orexin Gene in Two Nigerian Indigenous and Exotic Chickens Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)
Authors:
Ige, A. O., Salawu H. O., Ajibulu, J. O., Ajibola, A. B. and Matt-Obabu, A.D
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 44 – 48
Downloads: 3
Expression Analysis of Orexin Gene in Two Nigerian Indigenous and Exotic Chickens Using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)
The Nigerian Indigenous Chickens are suitable for development of meat strain for tropical environment; characterized
by small body size and slow growth. The orexin gene serves as a crucial regulator of appetite, energy balance, and stress
responses in poultry and important molecular marker for understanding breed-specific physiological adaptations. This
study investigated orexin gene expression patterns in two Nigerian Indigenous Chickens which are Fulani and Yoruba
ecotypes and exotic; Cobb-500 broilers using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) technology. Total of 135
birds (45 per breed) were reared for four weeks, after which liver tissue samples were collected for RNA extraction and
analysis. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) was extracted using the Zymo RNA mini prep kit, followed by cDNA synthesis and
qPCR analysis using Luna® Universal qPCR Mastermix. The TATA box binding protein served as the housekeeping
gene for normalization. Gene expression was quantified using the 2^-ΔΔCT method (Livak method) to determine fold
changes between breeds. Results revealed significant inter-breed variations in orexin expression levels (P < 0.05). The
Fulani chickens demonstrated higher expression (1.37-fold), then Cobb-500 broilers (0.35-fold), while Yoruba ecotype
chickens had lower expression (0.02-fold). Melt curve analysis confirmed primer specificity and amplification
consistency across all samples. The findings suggested that elevated orexin expression in Fulani chickens may reflect
superior physiological adaptability and energy regulation capabilities, supporting their resilience in variable
environmental conditions. The differential expression patterns highlight orexin's potential as a molecular marker for
selective breeding programs aimed at improving indigenous chicken productivity while maintaining genetic diversity
and environmental adaptability.
GENETIC VARIATION AND BODY WEIGHT AND LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS OF THREE NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKEN STRAINS.
Authors:
Isaac, L, J.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 40 – 43
Downloads: 1
GENETIC VARIATION AND BODY WEIGHT AND LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS OF THREE NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKEN STRAINS.
The body weight and linear body measurements of the Nigerian local chicken strains were studied with a view to assess their relationship and contribution to the growth of the birds. A total of three hundred (300) local chicken strains comprising one hundred (100) frizzle feathered (FF), one hundred (100) naked neck (NN) and one hundred
(100) normal feathered (NM) birds each replicated ten (10) times with ten (10) birds per replicate, were used in the
study. Data on body weight (BW) in grams (g) and linear body measurements (cm) – body length (BL), heart girth
(HG), neck length (NL) and shank length (SL) were collected weekly for ten (10) weeks and analyzed in a completely
randomized design (CRD) of SAS, statistical package. Significantly different means were separated using the
Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Results showed that there were significant (p<0.05) variations in BW, BL, NL
and SL, an indication that breed differences is implicated in the growth and development of chickens.
Polymorphism of NRAMP1 Gene and Association with Haematological Parameters of Chickens Inoculated with Attenuated Salmonella enteritidis
Authors:
Ojua, O. E., Adedeji, T. A., Oyelami, D. O. and Matt-Obabu, A.D
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 35 – 39
Downloads: 1
Polymorphism of NRAMP1 Gene and Association with Haematological Parameters of Chickens Inoculated with Attenuated Salmonella enteritidis
Poultry production is plagued with many severe diseases and one of them is salmonellosis. Treatment of this disease with antibiotics often leads to bacteria-resistance strains and accumulation of antibiotics residue in food, hence the need to use a safer method of treatment. NRAMP 1 is a candidate gene for natural immune response associated with Salmonella enteritidis. One hundred and twenty pure breed progenies generated from Naked neck, Fulani ecotype and Sasso chickens were reared together from day old to 8 weeks. At 7 weeks 10 birds were randomly selected from each genotype and 2ml of blood sample were obtained from each bird for laboratory analysis. The selected birds were inoculated with attenuated S. enteritidis at week 8 and thereafter 2ml of blood was obtained from each bird’s jugular vein for laboratory analysis. Data were collected on Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (HB), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Neutrophils (N), Lymphocytes (L), Monocytes (M), Basophils (B), Eosinophils (E) and Platelet (PLT). The result revealed that genotype and inoculation of Salmonella had significant (p0.05). Sasso chickens had Eosinophilis values before and after (0.00±0.00 and 1.37±0.65), NN (0.50±0.50 and 1.50±0.50) and FE (0.00±0.00). Conclusively, there was a significant effect of genotype on all haematological parameters except eosinophils before and after inoculation. Naked neck had the highest values in all
parameters except for mean corpuscular haemoglobin and lymphocytes.
Predicting Body Weight in Pullets Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors:
Aliyu, A.M., Yahuza, S., Abdulhamid, S.U. Rotimi, E. A., Bature, I., Bichi, A.A., Z. S. Jibia., and Mustapha, Y.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 30 – 34
Downloads: 1
Predicting Body Weight in Pullets Using Machine Learning Techniques
This study explores the use of machine learning to predict the body weight of pullets based on noninvasive morphometric traits. Data from 100 Isa Brown birds, including body weight, length, girth, and limb dimensions, were analysed using four models: Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Linear Regression (LR), Regression Tree (RT), and Kernel Regression (KR) and evaluated using key metrics: R-Squared (R2), Determination Coefficient (R), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). GPR delivered the highest accuracy (R² = 0.99 testing, 0.95 validation) with the lowest RMSE values, outperforming other models. To determine the most effective model, performance outcomes were compared across all algorithms. GPR ultimately demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, indicating its suitability for real-world poultry applications.
ASSESSMENT OF EGG PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN TWO GENETIC LINES OF SHIKABROWN® CHICKEN UNDER THE PREVAILING CLIMATE CHANGE IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Authors:
Patrick, O.L, Kabir, M. and Olutunmogun, A.K
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 24 – 29
Downloads: 1
ASSESSMENT OF EGG PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IN TWO GENETIC LINES OF SHIKABROWN® CHICKEN UNDER THE PREVAILING CLIMATE CHANGE IN ZARIA, NIGERIA
Climate change poses a growing threat to livestock productivity, particularly in poultry systems reliant on optimal thermal conditions. Meteorological data on selected weather variables - temperature and relative humidity – were collected at the National Animal Production Institute weather station over twenty (20) weeks laying period to determine its real-time effects on Hen-house egg production of 100 progenies each from the two genetic lines (Sire and Dam line) of ShikaBrown® breed. The research employed multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics to estimate short-term impacts of
weather elements over the period. The study found significant (p<0.01) real-time effects of temperature (–7.685) and humidity (–3.568) on egg production. Temperature showed a decreasing trend with the minimum (19.10°C) and maximum temperature (35.00°C) in the month of January at weeks 12 and in November at weeks 4. A minimum of 10% humidity is observed across all weeks, while the highest of 41% was recorded in November at week 1. The findings emphasized production planning with seasonal
forecasts and the need for timely climate-adapted management strategies to sustain productivity under changing climatic conditions in tropical regions.
PRELIMINARY SCREENING ON NIGERIAN CHICKEN-TYPES FOR EXTINCTION PROBABILITY
Authors:
Abdulyekeen Olanrewaju Abdulraheem, Bashar Ali Adamu, Abba Mohammed, Jummai
Adamu, Jimoh Olalekan Aremu, Abdulrazaq Onimisi Raji, and Jibrin Aliyu
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 20 – 23
Downloads: 1
PRELIMINARY SCREENING ON NIGERIAN CHICKEN-TYPES FOR EXTINCTION PROBABILITY
This study was conducted in Borno state to assess the extinction risk of sixty (60) 6-Nigerian indigenous chicken-types; normal feathered, frizzle feathered, naked neck, shank feathered, crested feathered and rose comb based on a range of socio-economic and genetic factors. The research employed data from 60 households and examined variables including population size (POS), changes in population over the last five years (CHA), disease control (DC), economic development (ECO), cultural importance (CUL), and conservation practices (CON). Genetic diversity was assessed using heamoglobin polymorphism. The estimated extinction probabilities for the genotypes calculated based on these factors revealed an overall extinction probability of 0.58 indicating a moderate to high risk of extinction. Frizzle feathered and naked neck chickens had the highest extinction risks (0.78 and 0.73) while shank feathered chicken had the lowest
(0.28). Genetic analysis revealed varying levels of genetic distinctness between and among the chicken types, with the naked neck and normal feathered chickens showing the greatest genetic differentiation. These findings underscored the importance of targeted conservation efforts, including improved production systems, disease control, and strategic breeding programmes, to reduce extinction risks and preserve the genetic diversity of these Nigerian chicken-types. This result should be confirmed using advanced nucleic acid-based technique.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF DONKEYS IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
Authors:
Raji, A.O. and Adamu, J.
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 15 – 19
Downloads: 1
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF DONKEYS IN NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
The principal component analysis of donkey in Sahel agro- ecological zone of north eastern Nigeria was evaluated. A total number of 200 donkeys were sampled randomly comprising of both males and females from donkey owners in Borno and Yobe state and were used for the study. Body weight was estimated by taking readings round the circumference of the chest girth. The body morphometric traits evaluated include: ear length (EL), height at withers(HW), body length (BL), head length (HL), height at wither (HW) and body weight. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the main components to explain the proportion of the variance in animals’ morphometric. Principal component analysis was analyzed using SPSS version 20 by dimension reduction procedures. A total of 6 principal components (6PCs) were obtained from 12 body measurements in donkeys with 62.06 % of the total variance in body measurements. The Kaiser -mayer - olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s test were accurate with the values of 0.67 for KMO. It can be concluded that back length with the PC1 with the total variance of 22.09%, cumulative % of 17.43% and eigen value of 3.75. The body measurement in PC1 can be used as a selection criterion to improve the performance traits of donkeys.
INFLUENCES OF SEASONS AND REBREEDING INTERVALS ON GROWTH INDICES OF KITS OF HYLA RABBITS IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
Authors:
Akilapa, T. P
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 10 – 14
Downloads: 1
INFLUENCES OF SEASONS AND REBREEDING INTERVALS ON GROWTH INDICES OF KITS OF HYLA RABBITS IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of seasons and rebreeding intervals on the growth of kits of Hyla rabbits. Forty mature rabbits, comprising thirty-two does and eight bucks of an average body weight of 2,600 ± 100 g, were used for the study. Records of growth indices of kits from thirty-two does in four sub-seasons of a year: late rain (S1), early dry (S2), late dry (S3), and early rain (S4) were used to determine the seasonal effects. The thirty-two does were randomly allotted into four experimental treatments: two-week (T1), four-week (T2), six-week (T3), and eight-week (T4) rebreeding intervals to examine the influences of rebreeding intervals on the kits. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that litter weaning weight (LWW), average weaning weight (AWW), litter size at the 12th week, and litter weight at the 12th week were significantly (p<0.05) higher in both late rain (S1) (2544.52 g, 516.52 g, 4.17, and 5436.39 g, respectively) and early dry (S2) (2340.74 g, 480.39 g, 4.04, and 4986.13 g, respectively). LWW, AWW, and average weight at the 12th week were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the six-week rebreeding interval (T3) (2576.40 g, 546.75 g, and 1318.30 g, respectively). However, mortality between weaning and the 12th week was significantly (p<0.05) higher in S3 (13.94), S4 (14.39), and T1 (10.40). It was concluded that late rain, early dry seasons, and a six-week rebreeding interval had favourable influences on the growth of kits of Hyla rabbits
DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF BODY WEIGHT AND GROWTH CONFORMATION TRAITS OF SOME NIGRIAN BREEDS OF CATTLE
Authors:
John, P.A., Kabir, M., Iyiola-Tunji, A.O., Millam, J.J. and Okeke, R.O
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 5 – 9
Downloads: 1
DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF BODY WEIGHT AND GROWTH CONFORMATION TRAITS OF SOME NIGRIAN BREEDS OF CATTLE
A study was conducted to determine the discriminant function analysis of body weight and body conformation traits among selected Nigerian indigenous cattle. Four (4) Local Government Areas (LGAs) from Adamawa and Taraba States, three (3) from Gombe State and two (2) from Sokoto State were selected. Snowball sampling method was used to sample (1,008) cattle, which consists of 162 Adamawa Gudali, (306) Sokoto Gudali, (234) Bunaji and (306) Rahaji cattle from pastoralists in most communities of the LGAs using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected on body weight, face length, head width, horn length, ear length, neck length, neck circumference, fore leg length, height at withers, chest girth, body length, loin girth, rump height, rear leg length and tail length. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the variable with discriminating power and large canonical coefficients among variables using (SAS) statistical software package. Significant (p<0.05; 0.01) discriminating powers were observed among other variables measured, such as height at wither (0.7402), body weight (0.7272), chest girth (0.6356), rump height (0.6321), body length (0.6266), face length (0.5038), loin girth (0.4905), neck circumference (0.4540), fore leg length (0.4241) and rear leg length (0.4110), which had high discriminating power in the first canonical function than other variables. Neck circumference exhibited a consisted levels of discriminating power across the three functions. Significant low to high (p<0.05; 0.01) canonical correlation variances were observed in fourth (0.1779), third (0.3685), second (0.5286) and first (0.9537) functions respectively. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that height at withers, body weight, chest girth, rump height and body length had the best discriminating powers than other variables studied.
REGRESSION EQUATIONS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF BODY WEIGHT IN FUNAAB ALPHA BROILER CHICKEN
Authors:
Obi, G. C and Wheto, M
Volume: 30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Pages: 1 – 4
Downloads: 1
REGRESSION EQUATIONS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF BODY WEIGHT IN FUNAAB ALPHA BROILER CHICKEN
The objective of this study was to predict the bodyweight of FUNAAB Alpha broiler line of three genotypes (Normal feather, frizzle feather and necked neck) using linear body measurements. Bodyweight and three body measurements namely breast girth, shank length, and keel lengths were measured at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The birds were intensively raised, fed ad-libitum. PROG REG was used to generate regression equations for predicting bodyweight with other body measurement for each week and coefficient of determination (R2) was used to determine the best fit equation in predicting body weight with linear measurements. The genotype (frizzle feather) had the highest value
(93.28%) of R2 followed by naked neck (93.18%) and normal respectively which means as they increased in weight gain, and also male had the highest growth performance when compared with female. We can conclude that all three ecotypes of FUNAAB Alpha broiler line of chickens increased in body weight gain as the weeks increased; however, FUNAAB Alpha broiler line of frizzle feather has the highest weight gain from week 2 to week 10.