30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Conference Number: 30
Year: 2025
Venue: Federal University of Lafia
Dates: 16–20 March 2025
ISSN: 1596-5570
Editors: Olumayokun A.O., Oluvictoria O.A., Oluolayo V.O.
Articles
Authors: Akinlade, J.A., Ojoawo, O.T*., Oguntade, B.S., Oyewole, S.T.
Pages: 1 - 4
ASSESSMENT OF SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION AND MANGE TREATMENT IN THE FIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE
This study examined the socio-demographic characteristics, feed resource utilization, management systems and mange prevalence of small ruminant production across five Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to livestock keepers, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results revealed notable variation in age structure, gender participation, income levels, and species composition. Youth (<40 years) predominated in Ogbomoso South (26.9%) and Oriire (20.0%), while older farmers (41–50 years) were more common in Ogo-Oluwa (46.7%) and Surulere (58.6%). Women were the majority in Oriire (73.3%), Ogo-Oluwa (80.0%), and Surulere (75.9%). Income distribution ranged from subsistencelevel earnings (₦100,000/year) in Ogbomoso North (66.7%) and Ogo-Oluwa (60.0%). Feed resource diversity varied significantly, with higher use of concentrates and industrial by-products in Ogo-Oluwa and Surulere. Management systems ranged from extensive (Surulere, 86.2%) to intensive (Ogo-Oluwa, 100%), with significant differences (P < 0.05). Mange prevalence was highest in Oriire (100%), with low adoption of neem extract for control. Recommendations include promoting semi-intensive management, targeted feed supplementation, and herbal-based disease control to enhance sustainability and farmer livelihoods.
Authors: *Ayandiran, S.K., **Adedokun, M.A., **Adekunle, I and ***Olosunde, A.O
Pages: 1 - 5
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN-VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF BLENDED RATIOS OF WHEAT OFFAL AND WET SORGHUM BREWER RESIDUE
This study evaluated the chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility of blended ratios of wheat offal
and wet sorghum brewer residue. Fresh wet sorghum brewer residue (WSBR) was collected from local
gin (Burukutu) producers and blended with wheat offal (w/w); 1WO: 1WSBR, 1WO: 1.5WSBR, 1WO:
1.2WSBR, 1WO: 2.5WSB, 1WO: 1.3WSBR and 1WO: 3.5WSBR, arranged in a Completely
Randomised Design. The blends were air-dried for 3 days. Samples of blended ratios were analysed for
chemical composition, and in-vitro digestibility study according to standard procedures. The dry matter
contents of ratios 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3 and 1:3.5 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the 1:1.5 ratio. The
crude fibre content significantly increased (p<0.05) as the blended ratio increased. The carbohydrate
fractions of 1:2, 1:2.5 and 1:3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of ratios 1:1 and 1:1.5. The
neutral detergent fibre was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ratio 1:3.5 than other blended ratios
Furthermore, the hemicellulose content was significantly highest (p<0.05) in ratios 1:1.5, 1:2.5 as well as
1:3 than ratio 1:1 and least 1:3.5. The gas production was significantly highest (p<0.05) ratio 1:1 from 3 -
24 hours of in-vitro digestibility compared to other ratios. It could be therefore concluded that increasing
blended ratios of wheat offal and wet sorghum brewer residue led to improved nutrient contents and invitro dry matter digestibility.
Authors: Abdullahi, M; Abdullahi, S, Addass, P. A., Salihu, S. S., Nasuru, J., Danladi, Z. S Midalah, B. D and Aliyu, S
Pages: 1 - 5
EFFECS OF FEEDING MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED WITH BREWERS DRIED GRAINS ON CARCASS AND BLOOD PARAMETERS TO WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
The experiment was conducted at Adamawa State University farm in the small ruminant unit. The pen was
demarcated into four treatments and each treatment was replicated three times making a total of twelve
experimental animals. The objective of this study was to determine proximate composition, hematology,
serum biochemistry parameters and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf goats fed mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla) leaves. The treatments were T1, T2, T3 and T4 that received Mahogany leaves basaldiet which were supplemented with 0g, 50g, 100g, and 150g of brewers’ dried grain (BDG) acrosstreatments. Randomized Completely Design (CRD) was employed in the study. The result obtained from
the study showed that feeding mahogany leaves supplemented with brewers dried grains enhanced the
quality of carcass especially the West African dwarf goats. Effects of the experimental diets on blood
profiles of the experimental animals showed that the PCV values which indicate the relative proportion of
plasma and red blood cells were 39.61 to 41.23% respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) values of 5.75 - 6.55 g/dl
recorded in this study may be an indication of the healthy animal, effects of the experimental diets on
carcass characteristics of West African dwarf goat’s showed that the weights of blood ranged from 315.00g
(T4) to 452.00g (T3). The Hides/skin, non-carcass, digestive organs, fore and hind limbs weights were
significantly (p < 0.05) different across treatments. Results of the research revealed that feeding mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla) leaves gives healthier animals and impacts superior qualities of carcass. It is
therefore recommended that mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) leaves could be used as basal diet for
fattening goats with little supplementation. However, the mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) leaves should
be substituted at higher levels.
Authors: Shuaibu, A.Y., Jibrin, T.A., Tijjani, A.A., Maigandi, S.A., Aljameel, K.M
Pages: 1 - 5
Effect of Ginger-Garlic Mixture on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Rams
The use of phytogenic feed additives such as ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum)
offers a natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in ruminant nutrition. Despite their known
bioactive properties, data on their combined use in indigenous breeds like Uda rams remain limited.
A basal diet was formulated and supplemented with three different ginger-garlic mixtures: GGM1 (1:1;
ginger to garlic), GGM2 (2:1; ginger to garlic), and GGM3 (1:2; ginger to garlic), each at a rate of 5
g/kg of diet. Sixteen yearling intact Uda rams (average weight: 20.5 kg) were assigned in a completely
randomized design to four treatment groups: T1 (Control), T2 (GGM1), T3 (GGM2), and T4 (GGM3).
Rams were individually housed, and the trial lasted for nine weeks. Feed intake was measured daily,
and digestibility was evaluated through total faecal collection. Nutrient intake and digestibility were
evaluated. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and treatment means were established withDuncan’s Multiple Range Test at P<0.05. The result showed that Rams receiving GGM2 exhibited
significantly higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility compared to other treatments. Conversely,
a garlic-dominant blend (GGM3) reduced feed intake and digestibility. Dietary supplementation with a
2:1 ginger-garlic mixture enhances nutrient utilization in Uda rams without compromising feed intake.
This phytogenic blend offers a practical strategy to improve ruminant feed efficiency.
Authors: Kaganami, M., Kolo, U.M., Mohammed, B. M, Maru, A.S., Musa, I.A., Zannah, B.B, Mohammed, A., Mohammed, A.K., Shettima, S, and Mam, M.S.
Pages: 1 - 4
EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF COTTONSEED CAKE AND POULTRY LITTER AS SUPPLEMENT IN TOTAL MIXED RATIO ON HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES OF FATTENING YANKASA RAMS
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of cottonseed cake and poutry litter
based diets on the haematological indices of fattening rams. Sixteen (16) rams with an average weight
of 25kg-35kg were allotted to four treatments. The treatments evaluated were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%
for treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively in a Complete Randomized Design (C R D). The results showed
on significance (P>0.05) difference among the treatment mean. For Packed Cell Volume (PCV),
Haemoglobin (HB), White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume
(MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration
(MCHC). The results obtained showed that all the haemotological parameters obtained were within the
normal range values. It is concluded that inclusion of cottonseed cake and poultry litter in diets of
fattening rams have no any effect on treatment and effects on parameters evaluated.
Authors: Saidu, S. G, Abdullahi, S, Adamu B, and Yahaya Babawuro.
Pages: 1 - 5
EFFECT OF TREATED Sorghum cultivar (MASAKWA) STOVER SUPPLEMENTED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF Eichhornia crassipes (WATER HYACINTH) ON GROWTH PERFORMACE OF YANKASA RAMS
The study investigated the dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG), water intake (WI) andfeed conversion ratio (FCR) of Yankasa rams fed treated sorghum cultivar (Maskwa) Stoversupplemented with graded levels of water hyacinth. The experiments were conducted at Federal Collegeof Education Yola Teaching and Research farm. The objective of the study were to determine the drymatter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG), water intake (WI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Theweights of the animals were measured before the commencement of the experiment and weekly weightgain were also taken. The formulated diets were offered at 08.00 to 09.30 am and 03:00 to 03: 30pm.T1 (control) = Molasses treated masakwa Stover, T2= Molasses treated masakwa Stover plus 100g ofwater hyacinth, T3= Molasses treated Masakwa Stover plus 200g of water hyacinth and T4= Molassestreated masakwa Stover plus 300g of water hyacinth. The dry matter intake ranged from (844.69 to947.69 gram/anima/day), total weight gain recorded (297.50 to 385.60kg), water intake recorded (2.89to 3.25l/h/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.03 to 5.20) which showed significant difference (P<0.05)among the treatment. Therefore, the result of this study showed that treated Masakwa Stoversupplemented with water hyacinth should be used as a diet for Yankasa rams since the inclusion ofthese feeds had positive effects on dry mater intake 947.69 gram //animal/day live weight gain (57.78ram/animal/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.03) of the animals. Farmers can use 300g of waterhyacinth to supplement Molasses treated Masakwa stover to feed rams.
Authors: Kwaghfan, S., Shaapera, T. A., and Chia, N., F.
Pages: 1 - 6
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN YEARLING WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED UREA-TREATED CORN COB-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FRESH MANGO (Mangifera indica) Leaf During The Dry Season
Goats suffer from poor quality and inadequate quantity of forages during the dry season in the tropics. This
results in stunted growth and poor meat yield. An 84-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth
performance and haematological profile of yearling West African Dwarf bucks fed diets containing varying
levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) of urea-treated corn cob supplemented with mango fresh (Mangifera
indica) leaves during the dry season between January and March. Twenty bucks (8 ± 0.42 kg) were
randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with each treatment having 5 goats and each goat serving as
a replicate, in a completely randomised design. Results showed that goats fed a 60% urea-treated corn cobbased diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher total weight gain (2.46 kg) and daily weight gain
(29.36 g/day) compared to other treatments. Dry matter intake was highest at 20% inclusion.
Haematological indices, including RBC, MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes, were
influenced (P < 0.05) but remained within normal physiological ranges, indicating no adverse health
effects. It was concluded that up to 60% urea-treated corn cob can be included in the diets of yearling West
African Dwarf bucks during the dry season to enhance growth without compromising health.
Authors: Metiabasi D. Udo, Glory D. Eyoh and Akaninyene F. Udo.
Pages: 1 - 4
HAEMATO-SEROLOGICAL INDICES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED BOILED WILD AERIEL YAM (DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA) MEAL-BASED DIETS
An animal's blood profile reflects its overall health condition. This study evaluated the haematological and
serum biochemical effects of feeding West African dwarf (WAD) goats diets containing boiled wild
Dioscorea bulbifera meal at 0% (control, T1), 10% (T2), 20% (T3), and 30% (T4) inclusion levels, alongside
rice bran, brewers dried grains, palm kernel cake, bone meal, and salt. Sixteen goats were assigned to four
treatments in a completely randomised design with four replicates each. After eight weeks, blood samples
from two goats per treatment were analysed for haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Results
showed significant differences (p0.05) in red blood cells,
white blood cells and globulin. Although some of the parameters exhibited significant (p<0.05) differences
in their values among the treatment groups, data obtained for all the parameters were within the normal
ranges for healthy WAD goats, indicating that boiled wild Dioscorea bulbifera at 10–30% inclusion had no
adverse effects on blood profiles, thus being a safe non-conventional feedstuff for West African dwarf
goats. Further research involving inclusion level above 30% is therefore suggested to ascertain the safe
level of wild aerial yam as a nonconventional feedstuff to WAD goats.
Authors: Adebayo, B. J. and Rabiu, L.A.
Pages: 1 - 4
MINERAL COMPOSITION AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF SOME SELECTED FORAGES AS FEED FOR SMALL RUMINANTS
The mineral composition and anti-nutritional factors of five selected plants Alchornea cordifolia, Caricapapaya, Derris trifoliata, Leucaena leucocephala and Heteropogon cortortus were evaluated. Flamephotometer was used to determine Na, K, and Ca while Zn and Fe were assayed. Anti- nutritional factors(ANFs) including phytate, oxalate, saponin, alkaloid and tannin were also determined using appropriatetechnique. The result of the mineral analysis indicates that Heteropogon cortortus had significantly(P<0.05) highest values for Na (0.326%), Ca (0.359%), P (0.41%), Fe (148.80ppm), Zn (81.95ppm), Mn(61.65ppm) and Cu (19.05ppm). Derris trifoliata had significantly (P<0.05) higher value for Mg(0.443%) while Alchornea cordifolia recorded a lower value of 0.242% for Mg. There were significant(P<0.05) differences in all the anti-nutritional factors analysed except in saponin. The highest saponinnumerical value (0.433%) was observed in Derris trifoliata while the least value 0.260% was observed inAlchornea cordifolia. Tannin values ranged between 0.0047% and 0.0073% in Alchornea cordifolia andDerris trifoliata respectively. The significantly (P<0.05) highest oxalate value (0.315%) was recorded inHeteropogon cortortus while the least value (0.205%) was observed in Alchornea cordifolia. The resultsshowed that the selected plants were of high nutritional quality due to the high mineral contents withmoderate presence of anti-nutritional factors, and may therefore form good feed resources for ruminantanimal production.
Authors: Modu-Kagu, H.A., Mohammed, A., Adamu, J., Kolo, U.M., Abbator, F.I., BabakuraImam, Y.
Pages: 1 - 4
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE WASTE FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDING
This study evaluated the chemical composition, dry matter degradability, and invitro gas production of
selected fruit and vegetable by-products to determine their suitability as ruminant feed. Dry matter
content ranged from 80.07% to 94.50%, suggesting good shelf-life. Crude protein levels (5.15–16.65%)
showed that many by-products met the minimum protein requirement for ruminant maintenance. Dry
matter degradability varied significantly, with some by-products exceeding 50% after 48 hours,
indicating high digestibility. Invitro gas production also varied, with orange peel producing the highest
volume (70.10 mL at 48 h), followed by carrot tops and cabbage waste, demonstrating strong
fermentability. Conversely, pawpaw and banana peels had the lowest gas volumes. Overall, orange peel,
carrot tops, and cabbage waste show promise as alternative energy sources in ruminant diets, while less
fermentable by-products may need to be part of mixed rations to enhance their utility.