Conference Proceedings
30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Prof. Suleiman Makama YASHIM , Prof. Abdulmojeed Yakubu , Prof. Uchelle Okpanachi, Dr. Bello Mummuni Munza
Articles 201 Papers
ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS INTAKE IN LAYING HENS FED COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) BASED DIET
ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS INTAKE IN LAYING HENS FED COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) BASED DIET
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cocoyam-based diets processed by either boiling or sun
drying on anti-nutrient intake of laying hens. A total of 160 day old commercial chicks (Shika Brown)
were allotted to seven dietary treatments (n=20 birds per treatment) in a 2×3+1; 2 factorial arrangement: 2
factors (raw and boiled cocoyam), 3 levels (25, 50 and 75%) and 1 control (0%; n=40) in a completely
randomized design, with 80 chicks for raw sun dried (RS) cocoyam and 80 chicks for boiled sun dried
(BS) cocoyam. The cocoyam inclusion rates comprised 4 diets from RS and 4 from BS cocoyam, each
replacing maize at 0, 25, 50, and 75%. During the 12-months experimental period, the birds were given
feed based on their nutritional requirements and water ad libitum, routine vaccinations and medications
were administered appropriately. Data collected on anti nutritional factors (oxalate, phytate, tannin,
saponin, cyanide and hydrogen cyanide) were subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences
among treatment means were compared using pair wise difference method (P diff test) at 5% level of
significance. The results indicated a significant (P<0.05) reduction in intake of the antinutritional
components in the BS diets compared to the RS diets. The inclusion levels showed significant (P < 0.05)
differences across all parameters. It was concluded that processing cocoyam by boiling resulted in lower
antinutritional factor intake, with the 50% inclusion level having the lowest values and thus
recommended.
Growth Performance, Carcass traits, and Economic Implications of Replacing Soybean Meal with Moringa Leaf Meal in Japanese Quail Diets
Growth Performance, Carcass traits, and Economic Implications of Replacing Soybean Meal with Moringa Leaf Meal in Japanese Quail Diets
This study evaluated the effects of partially or completely replacing soybean meal (SBM) with
moringa leaf meal (MOLM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feed cost in Japanese
quail. A total of 60 unsexed quails with initial body weight of 22.7 g were randomly assigned to five
diets: T1 (20% SBM, 0% MOLM), T2 (15% SBM, 5% MOLM), T3 (10% SBM, 10% MOLM), T4
(5% SBM, 15% MOLM), and T5 (0% SBM, 20% MOLM) with 12 quails per treatment, replicated
four times in a Completely Randomized Design and study lasted for four weeks. The parameters
evaluated included growth performance, carcass yield and organ weights, and cost analysis. The
results showed that growth performance decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing MOLM
inclusion, particularly at 15–20%. Birds fed 5% MOLM had comparable performance to control,
whereas ≥10% inclusion depressed growth. Feed cost/kg declined as MOLM increased, but feed
conversion ratio (FCR) and cost per unit weight gain worsened. Carcass traits followed similar trends,
with lower dressing weight and breast yield at higher MOLM levels. The study therefore concluded
that MOLM can partially replace SBM in quail diets at up to 5% without adverse effects on
performance and profitability, while higher levels compromise growth efficiency despite lowering
feed cost.
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF ANDROPOGUN TECTORUM LEAF MEAL ON CARCASS AND ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS
EFFECT OF DIETARY INCLUSION OF ANDROPOGUN TECTORUM LEAF MEAL ON CARCASS AND ORGAN CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHER BROILER CHICKENS
The low productivity currently recorded in broiler production calls for avenues towards its
enhancement. Research was therefore conducted to investigate the carcass and organ characteristics of
finisher broiler chickens fed dietary inclusions of Andropogun tectorum leaf meal (ATLM). One
hundred and twenty Anak-2000 finisher broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments in a
completely randomized design (CRD), replicated three times. The experimental diets consisted of
ATLM added at levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% in treatments 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
The diets were fed ad-libitum for 28 days under deep litter system of management. After which, 3
broilers were randomly selected from each treatment for carcass and organ assessment. The results,
expressed as percentage of liveweight, showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in all the parameters
analysed except back, which had a higher value in the control. It was concluded that since back is not
among prime cuts in broiler, the inclusion of ATLM at up to 7.5% rates did not affect the carcass and
organ characteristics of finisher broiler chicken and therefore could be adopted in the formulation of
finisher broilers diets.
UNCONVENTIONAL FEEDSTOCK SUPPLEMENTED WITH ORANGE-PEELS ENHANCED BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY AND FLESH DEPOSIT
UNCONVENTIONAL FEEDSTOCK SUPPLEMENTED WITH ORANGE-PEELS ENHANCED BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE, DIGESTIBILITY AND FLESH DEPOSIT
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of orange peels as growth promoter additives in broiler
diet. 150 finisher broilers were used for the experiment. They were allotted to 5 treatments of 3 replicates
each and 10 birds per replicate. Unconventional feedstuffs such as sweet potato chips, BDG, plantain peels,
duck weed and shea butter caterpillar were used along with maize to formulate feed (3016 kcal/kgME and
25% CP). Growth performance was monitored during the experiment, digestibility was done at the last 7
days while carcass yield was evaluated at the last day of the experiment. Data collected were subjected to
ANOVA and the significant means was separated using Tukey’s HSD. The results showed that Birds on
T4 (5% fresh) had the highest final weight (3.27kg), daily weight gain (0.05kg/day), the best FCR (0.74),
slaughter weight (3.14kg), carcass weight dressing percentage and most of the cut parts. Inclusion level at
10% of fresh orange peels enhanced the digestibility of crude protein, ash and NFE. It can be concluded
from this experiment that inclusion level of fresh orange peels at 5% enhanced growth performance, flesh
deposit, digested crude fat better than other treatments, while inclusion level of fresh orange peel at 10%
enhanced digestibility of crude protein, ash and NFE.
Proximate composition of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) powder as phytogenic feed additives
Proximate composition of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) and black seed (Nigella sativa) powder as phytogenic feed additives
This study evaluated the proximate composition of clove bud powder (CBP) and black seed powder (BSP)
as phytogenic feed additives. Clove buds and black seeds were purchased from the metropolitan market in
Kano state, Nigeria. Healthy and mature buds of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and black seed (Nigella
sativa) were cleaned and air dried in a ventilated drying oven. The samples were ground using laboratory
hammer mill into a fine powder. Results showed that CBP had the highest ash content (5.56 %) with BSP
recorded the lowest (4.32 %). Meanwhile, the highest moisture content (9.66 %), lipid (36.67 %) and protein
content (19.96 %) were observed in BSP with CBP recording the lowest (8.66 %), (13.00 %), (7.89 %)
respectively. It was concluded that both CBP and BSP could be used as phytogenic feed additives so as to
improve the animals’ health, growth performance and milk quality.
Carcass Trait and Meat Color of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Rice Bran Meal
Carcass Trait and Meat Color of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Rice Bran Meal
The rising cost of maize, the principal energy source in poultry diets, necessitates the evaluation of
alternative feedstuffs that can support growth performance and carcass quality while reducing feed costs.
This study investigated the effects of partial replacement of maize with rice bran on growth performance,
carcass traits, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 200 Arbor Acres Plus broiler chicks were
randomly assigned to two dietary treatments on a weight-equalization basis. Treatment 1 served as the
maize-based control diet, while in Treatment 2, 10% of maize in T1 was replaced with rice bran at the
starter phase and 30% at the finisher phase. Results showed no significant differences in live weight,
slaughter weight, defeathered weight, and whole carcass yield between the control and rice bran-fed groups
(p>0.05), indicating that maize replacement did not compromise growth or dressing percentage. However,
significant differences were observed in certain cut-up parts. Birds fed rice bran had higher breast (p<0.05)
and back weights, while control-fed birds had higher neck and chest weights (p<0.05). Meat color was also
influenced by rice bran inclusion, with significant increases in redness (a, a*) and yellowness (b, b*)
compared to the control, suggesting enhanced pigmentation, while lightness (L, L*) remained unaffected.
In conclusion, dietary inclusion of rice bran (10% and 30% replacement at starter and finisher phase,
respectively) effectively replaced part of the maize without adverse effects on carcass yield, while
improving breast meat yield and meat color attributes.
PERFORMANCE AND GUT HEALTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING PROCESSED CASSAVA PEEL MEAL
PERFORMANCE AND GUT HEALTH OF BROILER CHICKENS FED DIETS CONTAINING PROCESSED CASSAVA PEEL MEAL
The rising cost of conventional feed ingredients has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives that
can maintain broiler performance, reduce production costs, and promote environmental sustainability. This
study investigated the performance and gut-health responses of broiler chickens to the dietary replacement
of maize with processed cassava peel meal (high quality cassava peel meal, HQCP), included at 20% during
the starter phase and at 100% replacement during the finisher phase. Two hundred Arbor Acres Plus broiler
chickens were allotted to two dietary treatments on a weight-equalized basis. The maize–soybean meal
control diet and the HQCP based diet were formulated to meet the recommended nutrient requirements of
the birds. At the starter phase, birds fed the control maize-based diet recorded significantly higher body
weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p0.05) between dietary treatments. However, FCR and feed intake were lower in the maize-fed birds
(p<0.05). Importantly, jejunal necrosis was observed in birds receiving the HQCP-based diet, indicating
residual anti-nutritional factors despite processing. In conclusion, processed cassava peel meal
demonstrates potential as a sustainable alternative to maize in finisher broiler diets without compromising
growth performance. Its successful utilization, however, depends on effective processing to reduce antinutritional factors and on strategic phase-feeding approaches to safeguard early growth.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION MEDIA AND INCLUSION LEVELS OF PURGE NUT (Jatropha curcas) LEAF AND BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amgdalina) ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS.
EFFECT OF EXTRACTION MEDIA AND INCLUSION LEVELS OF PURGE NUT (Jatropha curcas) LEAF AND BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amgdalina) ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS.
The study investigated oral administration of purge nut (Jatropha curcas) JPA and bitter leaf (Vernonia
amygdalina) BL extracts on growth response of broiler chickens. A total of two-hundred and fifty- two
(252) day old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to twelve treatment groups in a 2x2x3 factorial
arrangement. There were twenty- one chicks in each treatment with three replicates of seven birds each in
a Completely Randomized Design experiment for a period of 42 days. The factorial layout is such that 2
herbs (Purge nut leaf & Bitter leaf), 2 media of extraction (hot water & ethanol) and 3 inclusion levels (0,10
& 20ml per litre of water) were used. Data were collected on growth parameters such as feed intake, weight
gain, water intake and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Result revealed that significant differences
(P<0.05) were observed for final weight, weight gain (WG), average daily weight gain (ADWG), average
daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The highest final weight (2538.90 g/b) was
recorded at 0 mL inclusion, while the lowest (2424.81 g/b) occurred at 20 mL For herb types, JPA recorded
the highest WG (2479.20 g) and ADWG (59.03 g/b/d), while BL showed the lowest (2397.40 g and
57.08 g/b/d, respectively). Extraction methods showed no significant effect. ADFI peaked at 20 mL
(94.30 g/b/d) and was lowest at 0 mL (89.57 g/b/d). FCR ranged from 1.51 (0 mL) to 1.66 (20 mL),
indicating better efficiency at 0 mL inclusion. It can be concluded that inclusion of JPA at lower level had
a significant influence of the growth of broiler chickens irrespective of the method of extraction.
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED COOKED FLAMBOYANT (Delonix regia) SEED MEAL AS A REPLAEMENT FOR GROUNDNUT CAKE
HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF BROILER CHICKENS FED COOKED FLAMBOYANT (Delonix regia) SEED MEAL AS A REPLAEMENT FOR GROUNDNUT CAKE
A 56 days experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cooked flamboyant seed meal as a replacement
for groundnut cake on haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens. A total of 160-day old
broiler chickens of similar live weight were utilized in four treatments namely T1 (0%) serves as the control
diet, T2 (15%), T3 (30%), and T4 (45%). Broiler chicken diets were compounded to be iso-caloric and isonitrogenous (3000kcal/ME and 23%CP) with cooked flamboyant seed meal replacing groundnut cake at 0,
15, 30 and 45%. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. Each treatment was
replicated 4 times having 10 birds per replicate. Feed and water were provided to the birds daily and all
standard routine management practices were strictly observed throughout the experimental period. At the
end of the feeding trial, Blood samples were collected after slaughtering the birds at the 56 day of the
experiment and evaluated for their haematological and serum biochemical indices. The result showed no
significant (p>0.05) variations in both haematology and serum biochemical parameters measured for
broiler chickens under cooked flamboyant seed meal included diets. It was concluded that cooked
flamboyant seed meal should be included in the diets of broiler chikens without any negative effect in their
blood functions.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISITICS OF EGG-TYPE CHICKENS FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH CHELATED ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL BLENDS AT THE CHICK AND GROWER PHASES
GROWTH PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISITICS OF EGG-TYPE CHICKENS FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH CHELATED ORGANIC TRACE MINERAL BLENDS AT THE CHICK AND GROWER PHASES
Trace minerals commonly used in poultry are supplied by inorganic salts, and they have low bioavailability
because they can form complexes with other nutrients in the gut. A 18 weeks experiment was conducted to
evaluate the effects of diet supplemented with chelated organic trace mineral blends on the performance
characteristics of egg-type chickens at both chick and grower phases. The experiment involved a total of
five hundred (500) one- day old pullet chicks randomly allotted to five (5) dietary treatments consisting of
positive control, recommended level of inorganic trace minerals in the premix 16, 64, 64 mg/kg of Cu,
Zn and Mn (T1), negative control, basal diet with 0.0, 0.0,0.0 mg/kg of Cu, Zn and Mn i.e. premix free
of Cu, Zn and Mn (T2), diets with 16, 64, 64 mg/kg of chelated Cu, Zn and Mn, 100% higher than the
manufacturer’s recommendation (T3), diets with 8, 32, 32 mg/kg of chelated Cu, Zn and Mn, at the
manufacturer’s recommendation (T4) and diets with 4, 16, 16 mg/kg of chelated Cu, Zn and Mn at 100%
lower than the manufacturer’s recommendation (T5) respectively. Each treatments was replicated ten times
with 10 birds per replicate. Growth performance characteristics were evaluated as response criteria in the
experiment. All data obtained were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance in a Completely
Randomized Design. At the chick and grower phases, the FCR was greatly improved even at the least feed
intake. A significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain was also recorded at the grower phase. The study
concluded that supplementation of chelated trace mineral blends at 100% higher than manufacturer’s
recommended level in the diets of egg-type chickens resulted in an improved FCR at the least feed intake.