Conference Proceedings
30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Prof. Suleiman Makama YASHIM , Prof. Abdulmojeed Yakubu , Prof. Uchelle Okpanachi, Dr. Bello Mummuni Munza
Articles 201 Papers
Effect of Ginger-Garlic Mixture on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Rams
Effect of Ginger-Garlic Mixture on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility of Uda Rams
The use of phytogenic feed additives such as ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum)
offers a natural alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in ruminant nutrition. Despite their known
bioactive properties, data on their combined use in indigenous breeds like Uda rams remain limited.
A basal diet was formulated and supplemented with three different ginger-garlic mixtures: GGM1 (1:1;
ginger to garlic), GGM2 (2:1; ginger to garlic), and GGM3 (1:2; ginger to garlic), each at a rate of 5
g/kg of diet. Sixteen yearling intact Uda rams (average weight: 20.5 kg) were assigned in a completely
randomized design to four treatment groups: T1 (Control), T2 (GGM1), T3 (GGM2), and T4 (GGM3).
Rams were individually housed, and the trial lasted for nine weeks. Feed intake was measured daily,
and digestibility was evaluated through total faecal collection. Nutrient intake and digestibility were
evaluated. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and treatment means were established with
Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P<0.05. The result showed that Rams receiving GGM2 exhibited
significantly higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility compared to other treatments. Conversely,
a garlic-dominant blend (GGM3) reduced feed intake and digestibility. Dietary supplementation with a
2:1 ginger-garlic mixture enhances nutrient utilization in Uda rams without compromising feed intake.
This phytogenic blend offers a practical strategy to improve ruminant feed efficiency.
Potential Value of Sesban (Sesbania Sesban) Fodder and Napier Grass Hay Mixture Diets on the Growth Performance of West African Dwarf Growing Bucks
Potential Value of Sesban (Sesbania Sesban) Fodder and Napier Grass Hay Mixture Diets on the Growth Performance of West African Dwarf Growing Bucks
Growth performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks fed Sesbania sesban forage with Napier grass
hay mixture diet for 90days feeding trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Oyo State
College of Agriculture and Technology Igbo-ora, Nigeria. Sixteen (16) growing WAD bucks between 6 -
9 months of weighing 6.00-10.00kg were randomly allocated to four (4) treatments with 4 bucks per
treatment and 2 bucks per replicate in a completely randomized design, and were fed daily with varied
experimental diets (T1 = 100%NG hay (100NG); T2 = 25%NG + 75%SS hay (25NG75SS); T3 =
50%NG+50%SS hay (50NG50SS); T4 = 100%SS hay (100SS)) with a 500g concentrate diet for individual
animals. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in all parameters determined on growth performance
across the dietary treatments. Buck maintained on T4 diet had the highest daily feed intake (283.19g/d),
while the lowest value (235.98g/d) for DFI was recorded on bucks fed diet T₁. The results revealed that
bucks fed diet T₁ recorded the least daily weight gain (20.56g/d) while the highest daily weight gain
(25.33g/d) was recorded in bucks fed diet T4. Hence, bucks fed diet T3 that contained 50%NG + 50%SS
hay mixture recorded the best feed utilization value of 11.10. The study revealed that 50%NG + 50%SS
hay mixture diet has a good nutrient profile and enhanced feed utilization in terms of feed conversion ratio
(FCR) by the bucks.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE WASTE FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDING
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE WASTE FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDING
This study evaluated the chemical composition, dry matter degradability, and invitro gas production of
selected fruit and vegetable by-products to determine their suitability as ruminant feed. Dry matter
content ranged from 80.07% to 94.50%, suggesting good shelf-life. Crude protein levels (5.15–16.65%)
showed that many by-products met the minimum protein requirement for ruminant maintenance. Dry
matter degradability varied significantly, with some by-products exceeding 50% after 48 hours,
indicating high digestibility. Invitro gas production also varied, with orange peel producing the highest
volume (70.10 mL at 48 h), followed by carrot tops and cabbage waste, demonstrating strong
fermentability. Conversely, pawpaw and banana peels had the lowest gas volumes. Overall, orange peel,
carrot tops, and cabbage waste show promise as alternative energy sources in ruminant diets, while less
fermentable by-products may need to be part of mixed rations to enhance their utility.
RUMEN PROFILE OF RED SOKOTO BUCKS FED WITH DIFFERENT PROCESSED FORMS OF Piliostigma reticulatum PODS
RUMEN PROFILE OF RED SOKOTO BUCKS FED WITH DIFFERENT PROCESSED FORMS OF Piliostigma reticulatum PODS
Nine weeks feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different processed Piliostigma
reticulatum pods on rumen profile of Red Sokoto bucks. Twelve bucks with an average initial weight of 9
± 2 kg were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design that
consisted 30% P. reticulatum pods designated as T1 (control), T2 (soaked) and T3 (roasted), formulated
to provide 12% crude protein. The parameters evaluated were; rumen pH, temperature and total volatile
fatty acids. The data generated were analyzed and difference among the means were separated using least
significant difference. The results revealed that significant differences (P0.05) different among the treatments, though T3 recorded the highest
numerical value (23.00), followed by T1 (19.00) and T2 (18.33). Rumen temperature differed
significantly (P<0.05) with T1 recording the highest temperature (17.00°C), followed by T3 (16.67°C)
and T2 (15.00°C). The study concluded that roasting P. reticulatum pods maintained higher rumen pH
within the optimal range for cellulolytic activity, while soaking better preserved crude protein but resulted
in lower pH values. These findings suggest that roasting as a processing method of P. reticulatum pods
can be strategically employed to meet specific nutritional objectives in small ruminant feeding systems.
EFFECS OF FEEDING MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED WITH BREWERS DRIED GRAINS ON CARCASS AND BLOOD PARAMETERS TO WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
EFFECS OF FEEDING MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) LEAVES SUPPLEMENTED WITH BREWERS DRIED GRAINS ON CARCASS AND BLOOD PARAMETERS TO WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
The experiment was conducted at Adamawa State University farm in the small ruminant unit. The pen was
demarcated into four treatments and each treatment was replicated three times making a total of twelve
experimental animals. The objective of this study was to determine proximate composition, hematology,
serum biochemistry parameters and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf goats fed mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla) leaves. The treatments were T1, T2, T3 and T4 that received Mahogany leaves basal
diet which were supplemented with 0g, 50g, 100g, and 150g of brewers’ dried grain (BDG) across
treatments. Randomized Completely Design (CRD) was employed in the study. The result obtained from
the study showed that feeding mahogany leaves supplemented with brewers dried grains enhanced the
quality of carcass especially the West African dwarf goats. Effects of the experimental diets on blood
profiles of the experimental animals showed that the PCV values which indicate the relative proportion of
plasma and red blood cells were 39.61 to 41.23% respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) values of 5.75 - 6.55 g/dl
recorded in this study may be an indication of the healthy animal, effects of the experimental diets on
carcass characteristics of West African dwarf goat’s showed that the weights of blood ranged from 315.00g
(T4) to 452.00g (T3). The Hides/skin, non-carcass, digestive organs, fore and hind limbs weights were
significantly (p < 0.05) different across treatments. Results of the research revealed that feeding mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla) leaves gives healthier animals and impacts superior qualities of carcass. It is
therefore recommended that mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) leaves could be used as basal diet for
fattening goats with little supplementation. However, the mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) leaves should
be substituted at higher levels.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN YEARLING WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED UREA-TREATED CORN COB-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FRESH MANGO (Mangifera indica) Leaf During The Dry Season
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN YEARLING WEST AFRICAN DWARF BUCKS FED UREA-TREATED CORN COB-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH FRESH MANGO (Mangifera indica) Leaf During The Dry Season
Goats suffer from poor quality and inadequate quantity of forages during the dry season in the tropics. This
results in stunted growth and poor meat yield. An 84-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth
performance and haematological profile of yearling West African Dwarf bucks fed diets containing varying
levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) of urea-treated corn cob supplemented with mango fresh (Mangifera
indica) leaves during the dry season between January and March. Twenty bucks (8 ± 0.42 kg) were
randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with each treatment having 5 goats and each goat serving as
a replicate, in a completely randomised design. Results showed that goats fed a 60% urea-treated corn cobbased diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher total weight gain (2.46 kg) and daily weight gain
(29.36 g/day) compared to other treatments. Dry matter intake was highest at 20% inclusion.
Haematological indices, including RBC, MCV, MCH, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes, were
influenced (P < 0.05) but remained within normal physiological ranges, indicating no adverse health
effects. It was concluded that up to 60% urea-treated corn cob can be included in the diets of yearling West
African Dwarf bucks during the dry season to enhance growth without compromising health.
EFFECT OF TREATED Sorghum cultivar (MASAKWA) STOVER SUPPLEMENTED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF Eichhornia crassipes (WATER HYACINTH) ON GROWTH PERFORMACE OF YANKASA RAMS
EFFECT OF TREATED Sorghum cultivar (MASAKWA) STOVER SUPPLEMENTED WITH GRADED LEVELS OF Eichhornia crassipes (WATER HYACINTH) ON GROWTH PERFORMACE OF YANKASA RAMS
The study investigated the dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG), water intake (WI) and
feed conversion ratio (FCR) of Yankasa rams fed treated sorghum cultivar (Maskwa) Stover
supplemented with graded levels of water hyacinth. The experiments were conducted at Federal College
of Education Yola Teaching and Research farm. The objective of the study were to determine the dry
matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG), water intake (WI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The
weights of the animals were measured before the commencement of the experiment and weekly weight
gain were also taken. The formulated diets were offered at 08.00 to 09.30 am and 03:00 to 03: 30pm.
T1 (control) = Molasses treated masakwa Stover, T2= Molasses treated masakwa Stover plus 100g of
water hyacinth, T3= Molasses treated Masakwa Stover plus 200g of water hyacinth and T4= Molasses
treated masakwa Stover plus 300g of water hyacinth. The dry matter intake ranged from (844.69 to
947.69 gram/anima/day), total weight gain recorded (297.50 to 385.60kg), water intake recorded (2.89
to 3.25l/h/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.03 to 5.20) which showed significant difference (P<0.05)
among the treatment. Therefore, the result of this study showed that treated Masakwa Stover
supplemented with water hyacinth should be used as a diet for Yankasa rams since the inclusion of
these feeds had positive effects on dry mater intake 947.69 gram //animal/day live weight gain (57.78
ram/animal/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.03) of the animals. Farmers can use 300g of water
hyacinth to supplement Molasses treated Masakwa stover to feed rams.
HAEMATO-SEROLOGICAL INDICES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED BOILED WILD AERIEL YAM (DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA) MEAL-BASED DIETS
HAEMATO-SEROLOGICAL INDICES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED BOILED WILD AERIEL YAM (DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA) MEAL-BASED DIETS
An animal's blood profile reflects its overall health condition. This study evaluated the haematological and
serum biochemical effects of feeding West African dwarf (WAD) goats diets containing boiled wild
Dioscorea bulbifera meal at 0% (control, T1), 10% (T2), 20% (T3), and 30% (T4) inclusion levels, alongside
rice bran, brewers dried grains, palm kernel cake, bone meal, and salt. Sixteen goats were assigned to four
treatments in a completely randomised design with four replicates each. After eight weeks, blood samples
from two goats per treatment were analysed for haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Results
showed significant differences (p0.05) in red blood cells,
white blood cells and globulin. Although some of the parameters exhibited significant (p<0.05) differences
in their values among the treatment groups, data obtained for all the parameters were within the normal
ranges for healthy WAD goats, indicating that boiled wild Dioscorea bulbifera at 10–30% inclusion had no
adverse effects on blood profiles, thus being a safe non-conventional feedstuff for West African dwarf
goats. Further research involving inclusion level above 30% is therefore suggested to ascertain the safe
level of wild aerial yam as a nonconventional feedstuff to WAD goats.
MINERAL COMPOSITION AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF SOME SELECTED FORAGES AS FEED FOR SMALL RUMINANTS
MINERAL COMPOSITION AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL FACTORS OF SOME SELECTED FORAGES AS FEED FOR SMALL RUMINANTS
The mineral composition and anti-nutritional factors of five selected plants Alchornea cordifolia, Carica
papaya, Derris trifoliata, Leucaena leucocephala and Heteropogon cortortus were evaluated. Flame
photometer was used to determine Na, K, and Ca while Zn and Fe were assayed. Anti- nutritional factors
(ANFs) including phytate, oxalate, saponin, alkaloid and tannin were also determined using appropriate
technique. The result of the mineral analysis indicates that Heteropogon cortortus had significantly
(P<0.05) highest values for Na (0.326%), Ca (0.359%), P (0.41%), Fe (148.80ppm), Zn (81.95ppm), Mn
(61.65ppm) and Cu (19.05ppm). Derris trifoliata had significantly (P<0.05) higher value for Mg
(0.443%) while Alchornea cordifolia recorded a lower value of 0.242% for Mg. There were significant
(P<0.05) differences in all the anti-nutritional factors analysed except in saponin. The highest saponin
numerical value (0.433%) was observed in Derris trifoliata while the least value 0.260% was observed in
Alchornea cordifolia. Tannin values ranged between 0.0047% and 0.0073% in Alchornea cordifolia and
Derris trifoliata respectively. The significantly (P<0.05) highest oxalate value (0.315%) was recorded in
Heteropogon cortortus while the least value (0.205%) was observed in Alchornea cordifolia. The results
showed that the selected plants were of high nutritional quality due to the high mineral contents with
moderate presence of anti-nutritional factors, and may therefore form good feed resources for ruminant
animal production.
ASSESSMENT OF SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION AND MANGE TREATMENT IN THE FIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE
ASSESSMENT OF SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION AND MANGE TREATMENT IN THE FIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OGBOMOSO, OYO STATE
This study examined the socio-demographic characteristics, feed resource utilization, management
systems and mange prevalence of small ruminant production across five Local Government Areas
(LGAs) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to livestock keepers, and
data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results revealed notable variation
in age structure, gender participation, income levels, and species composition. Youth (<40 years)
predominated in Ogbomoso South (26.9%) and Oriire (20.0%), while older farmers (41–50 years) were
more common in Ogo-Oluwa (46.7%) and Surulere (58.6%). Women were the majority in Oriire
(73.3%), Ogo-Oluwa (80.0%), and Surulere (75.9%). Income distribution ranged from subsistencelevel earnings (₦100,000/year) in Ogbomoso North (66.7%) and Ogo-Oluwa (60.0%). Feed resource diversity varied
significantly, with higher use of concentrates and industrial by-products in Ogo-Oluwa and Surulere.
Management systems ranged from extensive (Surulere, 86.2%) to intensive (Ogo-Oluwa, 100%), with
significant differences (P < 0.05). Mange prevalence was highest in Oriire (100%), with low adoption
of neem extract for control. Recommendations include promoting semi-intensive management, targeted
feed supplementation, and herbal-based disease control to enhance sustainability and farmer
livelihoods.