Conference Proceedings
30th Annual Conference Proceedings of ASAN
Prof. Suleiman Makama YASHIM , Prof. Abdulmojeed Yakubu , Prof. Uchelle Okpanachi, Dr. Bello Mummuni Munza
Articles 201 Papers
CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFERENCE OF GRASS FORAGES ENSILED WITH LABLAB ON WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
CHARACTERISTICS AND PREFERENCE OF GRASS FORAGES ENSILED WITH LABLAB ON WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
This study investigated the feeding values of silages of some grasses and their preference by West African
Dwarf (WAD) goats. Four (4) grasses (Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria mulato II, Panicum maximum
and Chloris gayana were used. Each grass was ensiled with Lablab purpureus in ratio 3:1 to make four
(4) treatments (ML=Mulato+Lablab, CL= Chloris+Lablab, BL= Bracharia+Lablab and PL=
Panicum+Lablab in a completely randomized design. The colour, pH and chemical compositions of
silages were assessed 28 days after ensiling and were latter fed to WAD goats for their preference (COP).
The Crude protein (CP, %) and Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, %) of silages were determined using
standard procedures. All the grasses produced silages with olive green colour and pH ranging from 4.26
to 4.55. The CP of silages ranged from 10.06±0.44 in Chloris+Lablab to 12.17±0.31 in Bracharia
mulato+Lablab while the NDF of 63.86±0.22 in Chloris+Lablab was significantly (p>0.05) higher than
others. The COP of all the silages was >1 except Chloris+Lablab. This result reflected that Brachairia
ruziziensis, Brachairia mulato II, Panicum maximum and Chloris gayana can be ensiled with lablab for
quality silages acceptable by goats.
PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition of groundnut shell fortified with
molasses and non-protein sources in in-vitro laboratory silos (946ml). There were four(4) treatment viz:
T1 (100%GNS + 4% Urea), T2 (100% GNS + 4% Urea + 10% molasses), T3 (97% GNS + 3% PL) and T4
(97%GNS + 10% molasses + 3% PL) ensiled for 21 days in triplicate. At the expiration of the ensiling
period, samples were taken for analysis. The results of proximate compositions showed that there were no
significant (P>0.03) differences in the parameters among the treatments except EE. However, the results
of fibre fractions showed that there is significant (P<0.05) differences only in NDF and cellulose. It could
be concluded that ensiling of groundnut shell with molasses and non-protein nitrogen sources to improve
the nutritive value of the ground nut shell. It is recommended that groundnut shell could be ensiled with
molasses and 4% Urea, 10% molasses and 3% PL to improve the nutritive value of the ground nut shell.
DETERMINATION OF FIBRE FRACTIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
DETERMINATION OF FIBRE FRACTIONS OF GROUNDNUT SHELL FORTIFIED WITH MOLASSES AND NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN SOURCES
The experiment was conducted at Nutrition/Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Production
Technology, Audu Bako College of Agriculture, Dambatta to evaluate the fibre fractions of groundnut
shell fortified with molasses and non-protein sources in in-vitro laboratory silos (946ml). There were four
treatment viz: T1 (100%GNS + 4% Urea), T2 (100% GNS + 4% Urea + 10% molasses), T3 (97% GNS +
3% PL) and T4 (97%GNS + 10% molasses + 3% PL) ensiled for 21 days in the triplicate. At the
expiration of the ensiling period, samples were taken for analysis. The results of fibre fractions showed
that there is significant (P<0.05) differences in NDF and cellulose. It could be concluded that ensiling of
groundnut shell with molasses and non-protein nitrogen sources improve the nutritive value of the ground
nut shell. It is recommended that groundnut shell could be ensiled with molasses and 4% Urea + 10%
molasses + 3% PL to improve the nutritive value of the ground nut shell.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF METANOLIC Gmelina arborea LEAVES EXTRACT
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF METANOLIC Gmelina arborea LEAVES EXTRACT
In this study, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of methanolic
Gmelina arborea leaf extract (MGALE) were evaluated. Fresh, mature G. arborea leaves (500 g) were
collected from the College premises and processed for analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative
phytochemical screenings were conducted, alongside antioxidant assays and antimicrobial testing against
Escherichia coli using the disk diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis revealed that MGALE contained
moderate levels of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, while terpenoids, cardiac
glycosides, anthraquinones, and steroids were also detected in the extract. Results shows that tannins,
phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids contained 0.96 ± 0.003 mg/100mL, 1.01 ±
0.001mg/100mL, 13.78 ± 0.13mg/100mL, 4.25 ± 0.002%, 6.40 ± 0.004 % and 0.65 ± 0.001, respectively. The
antioxidant activity of the extract was confirmed through multiple assays: Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
scavenging activity (54.91 ± 0.08 mg/100 mL), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) (3.91 ± 0.03
mM Fe²⁺/g), and Azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay (75.93 ± 0.25%).
Furthermore, the extract demonstrated significant (P<0.05) antibacterial activity, with a zone of inhibition
of 19.50 ± 2.12 mm against E. coli. These results suggested that MGALE possesses notable antioxidant and
antimicrobial properties. In conclusion, MGALE may serve as a valuable natural source of antimicrobial
agents, with potential application in the treatment of E. coli infections in livestock production, especially
in the face of rising resistance to conventional drugs.
IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT UTILISATION INDICES AS AFFECTED BY SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEEL POWDER
IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT UTILISATION INDICES AS AFFECTED BY SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEEL POWDER
This study investigated the effect of orange peel powder (OPP) supplementation on in vitro gas production
and nutrient utilisation indices. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the dietary
treatments were four experimental diets containing different levels of OPP (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/g DM).
The treatments were incubated for 48 hours. The results revealed that OPP supplementation had no
significant (p > 0.05) effect on total gas production (25.33-29.00 mL/200mg DM), pH (6.65-6.85), and total
volatile fatty acids (65.67-66.93 mL) concentration. Similarly, in vitro dry matter digestibility, short-chain
fatty acids, metabolizable energy, partitioning factor, and microbial yield of diets were not affected by OPP
supplementation. However, methane production (14.00-10.00 mL) and ammonia nitrogen (34.87-23.54
mg/dL) concentration decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the addition of OPP in the diet, while the
organic matter digestibility (64.50-74.00) increased. The study indicated that OPP at 30 mg/g could be used
as a phytogenic additive to manipulate rumen fermentation.
SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RED SOKOTO GOATS FED WOLLY FINGER (Digitaria smutsii) HAY SUPPLEMENTED WITH CASSAVA PEEL MEAL AND DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES
SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RED SOKOTO GOATS FED WOLLY FINGER (Digitaria smutsii) HAY SUPPLEMENTED WITH CASSAVA PEEL MEAL AND DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES
This study was carried out to investigate the serum biochemical parameters in growing Red Sokoto bucks
fed a basal diet of Digitaria smutsii hay supplemented with concentrate containing cassava peel meal and
different nitrogen sources. A total of 28 Red Sokoto bucks with an average liveweight of 12.55±1.25 kg
were randomly assigned to four (4) dietary treatments of 7 animals per treatment in a Completely
Randomised Design (CRD). The concentrate diets contained cottonseed cake (CON), Groundnut haulms
(GHT), Poultry litter (PLT) and Brewers dried grains (BDGT) as nitrogen sources. The animals were kept
in individual pens with a concentrate diet fed at 1.5% of their body weight, while a basal diet of Digitaria
smutsii hay and water was offered ad libitum 90 days. Four mL of blood samples was collected from four
randomly selected animals in each treatment at the beginning and end of the growth trial for determination
of serum biochemical indices: Total protein, Blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, creatinine, Aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The result
showed that total protein did not differ (p>0.05) statistically at the beginning but showed significant
(p>0.05) differences at the end of the experiment. No statistical (p>0.05) difference was observed in
creatinine, blood glucose level, blood urea nitrogen and liver function enzymes either at the beginning or
end of the experiment. The parameters measured were within the normal physiological values. It can be
concluded that the test ingredients did not have detrimental effects on the animals.
Nutritional Composition of African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) Husk as a Potential Feed Resource for Ruminant Animals
Nutritional Composition of African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) Husk as a Potential Feed Resource for Ruminant Animals
The search for sustainable feed resources in livestock production has intensified due to rising feed costs
and increasing demand for environmentally friendly alternatives. This study evaluated the nutritional profile
of the African Locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) husk, an agro-industrial by-product, as a feed resource for
ruminant livestock. The husk of African Locust Bean was analysed for proximate analysis, minerals and
anti-nutritional components. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used in the determination of the levels
of Ca and Mg, while the Flame photometer was used to analyse for K and Na. Anti-nutritional Factors,
including trypsin inhibitor, oxalates, phytates, tannins and saponins were also determined using appropriate
techniques. The findings showed the husk contained low (<5%) CP contents, high fibre, and appreciable
quantities of important minerals. Proximate analysis revealed low crude protein (4.98%), moderate ash, and
high fibre fractions, indicating its value primarily as a roughage base feed resource. Anti-nutritional
screening identified tannins, saponins, phytates, oxalates, and alkaloids in tolerable ranges, suggesting
limited risks when included at moderate levels. The findings support the waste valorisation of the African
Locust bean husk as a sustainable input in small ruminant feeding systems, combining waste management
with the maintenance of feed quality and production efficiency.
IMPACT OF MICROBIAL-TREATED RICE HUSK-BASED DIET ON RUMEN FERMENTATION IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
IMPACT OF MICROBIAL-TREATED RICE HUSK-BASED DIET ON RUMEN FERMENTATION IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS
This study evaluated microbial-treated rice husk (MTRH) effects on rumen fermentation in West African
Dwarf (WAD) goats. Forty (40) goats were randomized into four (4) dietary treatments containing 25%
maize (control), bacteria-treated rice husk, fungi-treated rice husk, and a bacterial-fungal cocktail-treated
rice husk. The MTRH significantly (P<0.05) increased acetate, butyrate, and ammonia nitrogen
concentrations, especially in the cocktail group, indicating enhanced microbial activity and fiber
degradation. Nutritional analysis showed increased crude protein and reduced crude fiber in treated rice
husks. These results suggest MTRH is a promising sustainable alternative feed for smallholder goat
production.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE-CORNCOB MIXTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RUMINANT FEEDING IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE-CORNCOB MIXTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RUMINANT FEEDING IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH
The escalating demand for affordable livestock feed in sub-Saharan Africa has prompted exploration of
agro-industrial by-products like tomato pomace (TP) and corncob (CC) for silage production. This study
assessed the chemical composition of ensiled TP-CC mixtures at ratios of 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50
(TP:CC) before and after 21 days of fermentation. Pre-ensiling analysis revealed significant variations
(P<0.05) in crude protein (1.86–4.38%), crude fibre (30.29–36.23%), ether extract (2.20–3.90%), ash
(3.70–8.25%), and hemicellulose (14.12–18.09%), with no differences in dry matter, nitrogen-free extract,
neutral detergent fibre, or acid detergent fibre. Post-ensiling, crude protein increased notably (2.44–6.13%),
crude fibre decreased (20.87–33.64%), and fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, hemicellulose) showed reductions,
enhancing digestibility. The 50:50 ratio exhibited optimal nutrient profiles for ruminant utilisation. Ensiling
improved nutritional quality through microbial fermentation, offering a cost-effective, sustainable feed
option for Yankasa rams in resource-limited settings, aligning with circular economy principles in animal
nutrition.
FERMENTATION QUALITY AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE AND CORN COB MIXTURES
FERMENTATION QUALITY AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ENSILED TOMATO POMACE AND CORN COB MIXTURES
This study evaluated the fermentation quality and sensory characteristics of ensiled tomato pomace and
corn cob mixtures at varying ratios. Tomato pomace and corn cobs were collected, processed, and ensiled
in four proportions (80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) for 21 days. Physical attributes including observation,
colour, aroma, and texture, alongside pH values, were assessed. Results showed notable improvements in
sensory quality as corn cob inclusion increased. The 80:20 mixture had the highest pH (4.63) and lower
sensory ratings, while the 60:40 and 50:50 mixtures exhibited lower pH values (4.22) and superior sensory
attributes, including very pleasant aroma and excellent observation scores. A balanced combination of
tomato pomace and corn cob provided optimal moisture and fermentable substrates for efficient lactic acid
fermentation. Findings highlight the potential of tomato pomace–corn cob silage as a sustainable feed
resource for ruminants, with 50:50 and 60:40 mixtures offering the most desirable fermentation and
palatability outcomes.